Numbers
21 spp. in 2 subgenera in our area;
(1) 147 species in 10 subgenera worldwide
Exocmus (1 sp.)
1. Xorides (Exomus) humeralis: transcontinental (NL west to BC, south to FL, TX, se AZ, & s. CA)
Xorides (20 spp.)
2. Xorides (Xorides) albopictus: eastern (QC south to n. GA, west to c ND, e NE, & ne TX)
3. Xorides (Xorides) atrox: se BC - only known from 1 specimen
4. Xorides (Xorides) boharti: nw CA
5. Xorides (Xorides) calidus: eastern (QC west to se SK, south to e NC & TX)
6. Xorides (Xorides) californicus: western (s. BC; AZ, n. CA, CO, n. ID, n. NM, w. MT, OR, WA)
7a. Xorides (Xorides) cincticornis cincticornis: western (sw AB & BC south to n. NM, n. ID, & OR)
7b. Xorides (Xorides) cincticornis rufus: western (ne. CA, c. OR)
8. Xorides (Xorides) eastoni: eastern (s. BC; CT, MA, WI)
9. Xorides (Xorides) frigidus: northern (sw. BC, QC, s. YT; int. AK, CO, ID, ME, VT, ne. WA)
10. Xorides (Xorides) harringtoni: northeastern (ON, QC; NY, VT)
11. Xorides (Xorides) insularis: western (sw. AB, s. BC, QC; int. AK, s. AZ, n. CA, CO, n. ID, s. NM, OR, n. UT, WA)
12. Xorides (Xorides) maudae: western (nw. CA, w. OR, w. WA)
13. Xorides (Xorides) medius: western (nw. CA, n. ID)
14. Xorides (Xorides) neoclyti: southwestern (AZ, CO, NM)
15. Xorides (Xorides) peniculus: eastern (NJ, NY, PA, e. SC, e. TX)
16. Xorides (Xorides) pictus: w. CA
17. Xorides (Xorides) planus: western (AZ, CO)
18. Xorides (Xorides) rileyi: eastern (NY south to FL, west to MN & MO)
19. Xorides (Xorides) rudis: e. CA - only known from 1 specimen
20. Xorides (Xorides) semirufus: n. FL - only known from 1 specimen
21a. Xorides (Xorides) stigmapterus floridanus: southeastern (n. FL, se. GA, nw SC, se. TX)
21b. Xorides (Xorides) stigmapterus stigmapterus: transcontinental (NL, n. BC, & s. AK south to nw SC, IA, e. ND, & c. AB)
Identification
Genus Recognition
Mandible without apical teeth, its apex chisel-shaped.
Female flagellum subapically curved or elbowed with 2 or more stout, erect ‘flag setae’ on outer surface of the bend.
Mesoscutum with a prominent transverse break or suture in front of prescutellar groove.
Prescutellar groove with a strong median longitudinal carina.
Sternaulus weak or absent.
Fore and mid tibia of female inflated and twisted.
Forewing venation with areolet absent, second recurrent vein with 2 bullae.
Propodeum with strong transverse and longitudinal carinae which enclose well defined areas.
Gaster inserted low on the propodeum near base of the hind coxae.
Female subgenital plate (hypopygidium) transverse, always inconspicuous.
Species Recognition
Key to species by Townes & Townes (1960).
(2)Range
Xorides is known from all biogeographic regions of the world except the Neantarctic.
Food
hosts: wood-boring beetles, especially Buprestidae and Cerambycidae
Recorded hosts for the genus are the members of eight Coleopteran families (Anobiidae, Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, Melandryidae), three Hymenopteran families, two Lepidopteran families, and one Dipteran family (Yu et al., 2005).
Also, emerge from larva as ectoparasitoids (Sharifi & Javadi, 1971) and idiobiont (Chrystal & Skinner, 1931).
Print References
Choi, J. K., Jeong, J. C., & Lee, J. W. (2011). Two new records of the genus Xorides Latreille (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Xoridinae) from Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 14(2), 151-154.
Porter, C. C. (2005). New records of Xorides (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Xoridinae) from Florida. Insecta Mundi, 19(3), 187-190.
Townes, H. & M. Townes. 1960. Ichneumon-flies of America North of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. United States National Museum Bulletin, 216(2): 1-676. (
Full Text and Relevant Section Here)
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