Family Curculionidae - Snout and Bark Beetles

Weevils

Treatment here follows Anderson (2002)(1) and includes Scolytinae, Platypodinae (bark and ambrosia beetles), Erirhininae, and Dryophthorinae, earlier variously treated as separate families, but excludes Nemonychidae, Attelabidae, Brentidae, and Ithyceridae, sometimes considered part of Curculionidae(2).

Arguably, the largest animal family with more than 40,000 species worldwide and 2,500 spp. in ~480 genera of 19 subfamilies in our area (Staphylinidae and/or Ichneumonidae may turn out more speciose.)

Overview of our fauna (DRAFT):

Family CURCULIONIDAE

Taxa not yet in the guide: (*) native, (+) non-native.

Subfamily Dryophthorinae

Tribe Dryophthorini Dryophthorus

Tribe Orthognathini

   Subtribe Orthognathina Orthognathus

   Subtribe Rhinostomina Yuccaborus

Tribe Rhynchophorini

   Subtribe Rhynchophorina Rhynchophorus

   Subtribe Litosomina Sitophilus

   Subtribe Sphenophorina Cactophagus, +Cosmopolites, Metamasius, Rhodobaenus, Scyphophorus, Sphenophorus

Subfamily Erirhininae

Tribe Erirhinini

   Subtribe Erirhinina Grypus, Notaris, *Procas, Tournotaris

   Subtribe Stenopelmina Brachybamus, Cyrtobagous, Lissorhoptrus, *Neobagoidus, Neochetina, Neohydronomus, Notiodes, Onychylis, Stenopelmus

   Subtribe Tanysphyrina Tanysphyrus

Subfamily Raymondionyminae

Tribe Raymondionymini *Alaocybites, Gilbertiola, Schizomicrus

Subfamily Curculioninae

Tribe Curculionini Archarius, Curculio

Tribe Acalyptini Acalyptus

Tribe Anthonomini Anthonomopsis, Anthonomus, Atractomerus, Brachyogmus, *Chelonychus, Cionomimus, Cionopsis, Coccotorus, *Dietzianus, *Ephelops, Epimechus, *Huaca, *Magdalinops, Nanops, Narberdia, Neomastix, Pseudanthonomus, Smicraulax

Tribe Cionini Cionus

Tribe Derelomini *Elaeidobius, *Hypoleschus, Notolomus, Phyllotrox

Tribe Ellescini

   Subtribe Ellescina Ellescus, Proctorus

   Subtribe Dorytomina Dorytomus

Tribe Mecinini Cleopomiarus, Gymnetron, Mecinus

Tribe Otidocephalini Micromyrmex, Myrmex, Oopterinus

Tribe Rhamphini Isochnus, Orchestes, Tachyerges

Tribe +Storeini +Pachytychius

Tribe Smicronychini *Promecotarsus, Smicronyx

Tribe Tychiini

   Subtribe Tychiina Sibinia, Tychius

   Subtribe Lignyodina Lignyodes, Plocetes

   Subtribe Ochyromerina Ochyromera

   Unassigned: Macrorhoptus

Subfamily Bagoinae Pnigodes, Bagous

Subfamily Baridinae

Tribe Baridini Aulobaris, Baris, Cosmobaris, *Desmoglyptus, Eurhinus, *Hesperobaris, Microbaris, *Orthoris, Plesiobaris, Pseudobaris, Pycnobaris, *Rhoptobaris, *Stenobaris, Trepobaris, Trichobaris

Tribe Madarini

   Subtribe Madarina Ampeloglypter, Glyptobaris, Madarellus, Onychobaris, +Orchidophilus, Stictobaris

   Subtribe Leptoschoinina Odontocorynus

   Subtribe Tonesiina Myctides

Tribe Madopterini

   Subtribe Torcina Sibariops

   Subtribe Zygobaridina *Acentrinops, Amercedes, Apinocis, Barilepis, Barilepton, Barinus, Buchananius, *Calandrinus, Catapastinus, Catapastus, Centrinites, Centrinogyna, Centrinopus, *Cholinobaris, Cylindridia, Diorymeropsis, Dirabius, Eisonyx, Geraeus, Haplostethops, Idiostethus, Linogeraeus, Microcholus, Nicentrus, Oligolochus, Oomorphidius, Pachybaris, Plocamus, *Pseudocentrinus, Stethobaris, Trichodirabius, Zygobarella, *Zygobarinus, *Zygobaris

Tribe Nertinini Strongylotes

Subfamily Ceutorhynchinae

Tribe Ceutorhynchini Allosirocalus, +Amalorrhynchus, Amalus, Ceutorhynchus, Glocianus, +Hadroplontus, Microplontus, +Mogulones, Nedyus, +Phrydiuchus, +Poophagus, *Prisistus, Rileyonymus, Sirocalodes, Trichosirocalus

Tribe Cnemogonini Acanthoscelidius, Auleutes, Cnemogonus, Craponius, Dietzella, Orchestomerus, *Pelenosomus, Perigaster, *Perigasteromimus

Tribe +Hypurini +Hypurus

Tribe Mononychini Mononychus

Tribe Phytobiini Euhrychiopsis, *Neophytobius, Parenthis, Pelenomus, Phytobius, Rhinoncomimus, Rhinoncus

Tribe Scleropterini Acallodes, *Asperosoma, Homorosoma, Rutidosoma

Subfamily Conoderinae

Tribe Lechriopini Acoptus, Copturomorpha, *Copturus, *Cylindrocopturinus, Eulechriops, Lechriops, Psomus

Tribe Zygopini Cylindrocopturus, Peltophorus

Tribe Tachygonini Tachygonus

Subfamily Cossoninae

Tribe Cossonini Cossonus, Mesites, *Stenotrupis

Tribe Acamptini Acamptus

Tribe Dryotribini Amaurorhinus, Caulophilus, Dryotribus, Micromimus, *Paralicus, Stenomimus

Tribe Onycholipini Hexarthrum, Pselactus, Pseudopentarthrum, Stenoscelis, *Trichacorynus

Tribe *Pentarthrini *Macroscytalus, +Pentarthrum

Tribe *Proecini *Proeces

Tribe Rhyncolini

   Subtribe Rhyncolina Aphanommata, *Apotrepus, Carphonotus, Elassoptes, Himatium, Macrancylus, Macrorhyncolus, Nyssonotus, Rhyncolus, *Stenancylus, Tomolips

   Subtribe Phloeophagina Phloeophagus

Subfamily Cryptorhynchinae

Tribe Cryptorhynchini

   Subtribe Cryptorhynchina Apteromechus, *Cnemidoprion, Cryptorhynchus, Eubulus, Eutinobothrus, Liometophilus, Maemactes, *Neoulosomus, Phyrdenus, Sudus, Troezon, Tyloderma, Zascelis

   Subtribe Tylodina Acalles, Calles, Canistes, Eurhoptus, Euscepes, Faustinus, Gerstaeckeria, Lembodes, Paracamptus, Peracalles, Pseudoacalles, Pseudomopsis, Pseudomus

Tribe Gasterocercini Cophes, Episcirrus, *Hobonus, Rhynchus

Subfamily Cyclominae

Tribe Rhytirrhinini

   Subtribe Emphyastina Emphyastes

   Subtribe Listroderina Listroderes, Listronotus

Subfamily Entiminae

Tribe Agraphini Agraphus, Paragraphus

Tribe Alophini *Acmaegenius, Lepidophorus, *Plinthodes, Trichalophus, *Triglyphulus

Tribe Anypotactini Polydacrys

Tribe Brachyderini Brachyderes, Strophosoma

Tribe Cneorhinini Philopedon

Tribe Cyphicerini

   Subtribe Cyphicerina Cyrtepistomus, Myosides, Oedophrys

   Subtribe Acanthotrachelina Calomycterus

   Subtribe Myllocerina Myllocerus, Neoptochus

Tribe Eudiagogini *Aracanthus, Colecerus, Eudiagogus

Tribe Eustylini Achrastenus, Brachystylus, Compsus, Diaprepes

Tribe Geonemini Barynotus, Bradyrhynchoides, Calyptillus, Cryptolepidus, Epicaerus, Graphorhinus, Lachnopus, Omileus, *Stamoderes, *Stereogaster, Trigonoscuta

Tribe Hormorini *Agasphaerops, Hormorus, *Lupinocolus

Tribe Naupactini Aramigus, Artipus, Atrichonotus, Ericydeus, Glaphyrometopus, Mesagroicus, Naupactus, *Pactorrhinus, *Phacepholis, Platyomus

Tribe Omiini Omias

Tribe Ophryastini Ophryastes, *Sapotes

Tribe Otiorhynchini *Agronus, Otiorhynchus, Sciopithes

Tribe Peritelini *Anchitelus, *Aragnomus, *Dysticheus, Eucilinus, Eucyllus, Geodercodes, Nemocestes, *Ortoptochus, *Paraptochus, *Peritelinus, *Peritelodes, *Peritelopsis, *Rhypodillus, Stenoptochus, Stomodes, Thinoxenus, Thricolepis

Tribe Phyllobiini Aphrastus, Evotus, Phyllobius

Tribe Polydrusini Pachyrhinus, Polydrusus

Tribe Sciaphilini Barypeithes, Brachysomus, Mitostylus, Sciaphilus

Tribe Sitonini Sitona

Tribe Tanymecini

   Subtribe Tanymecina *Amotus, Hadromeropsis, Isodacrys, *Isodrusus, *Miloderoides, Minyomerus, Pachnaeus, Pandeleteinus, Pandeleteius, *Piscatopus, Scalaventer, Tanymecus, Trigonoscutoides

Tribe Thecesternini Thecesternus

Tribe Trachyphloeini +Cathormiocerus, Cercopeus, *Cercopedius, *Chaetechidius, *Pseudocercopeus, Pseudocneorhinus, Trachyphloeosoma, Trachyphloeus

Tribe Tropiphorini Adaleres, Anametis, *Byrsopages, *Cimbocera, *Connatichela, *Crocidema, Diamimus, *Dichoxenus, *Dirotognathus, Dyslobus, *Leptopinara, *Melanolemma, Miloderes, Orimodema, Panscopus, *Paracimbocera, *Paranametis, Peritaxia, Phyxelis, *Pseudorimus, Rhigopsis, +Tropiphorus, *Vitavitus

Subfamily Gonipterinae Gonipterus, Oxyops

Subfamily Hyperinae Coniatus, Hypera

Subfamily Lixinae

Tribe Lixini Eustenopus, Larinus, Lixus, Microlarinus

Tribe Cleonini Apleurus, Cleonis, Cyphocleonus, Scaphomorphus, Stephanocleonus

Tribe Rhinocyllini +Bangasternus, Rhinocyllus

Subfamily Mesoptiliinae

Tribe Laemosaccini Laemosaccus

Tribe Magdalini Magdalis, *Trichomagdalis

Subfamily Molytinae

Tribe Molytini

   Subtribe Plinthina *Gastrotaphrus, Steremnius, Sthereus

Tribe +Trachodini +Trachodes

Tribe Anchonini Anchonus

Tribe Camarotini Odontopus

Tribe *Cholini

   Subtribe +Cholina +Cholus

   Subtribe *Rhinastina *Neoerethistes

Tribe Cleogonini Rhyssomatus

Tribe Conotrachelini Conotrachelus, Epacalles, Lepilius, Micralcinus, Microhyus, Micromastus, Pheloconus

Tribe Cycloterini Gononotus

Tribe Erodiscini Sicoderus

Tribe Hylobiini Eudociminus, Heilipus, Heilus, Hilipinus, Hylobius, Pachylobius

Tribe Lepyrini Lepyrus

Tribe Lymantini Caecossonus, *Dioptrophorus, Lymantes

Tribe Petalochilini Hormops

Tribe Piazorhinini Piazorhinus

Tribe Pissodini Pissodes

Tribe Sternechini Chalcodermus, Sternechus

Tribe *Thalasselephantini *Thalasselephas

Tribe *Trypetidini *Nanus

Unassigned: +Tranes

Subfamily Scolytinae

Tribe Hylesinini

   Subtribe Hylastina Hylastes, Hylurgops, Scierus

   Subtribe Hylesinina Alniphagus, Hylastinus, Hylesinus

   Subtribe Tomicina Dendroctonus, Hylurgus, Hylurgopinus, Pseudohylesinus, +Tomicus, *Xylechinus

   Subtribe Bothrosternina Cnesinus, Pagiocerus

   Subtribe Phloeotribina Phloeotribus

   Subtribe Phloeosinina Chramesus, Dendrosinus, Phloeosinus

   Subtribe Hypoborina Chaetophloeus, *Liparthrum

   Subtribe Polygraphina *Carphobius, Carphoborus, Polygraphus

Tribe Scolytini

   Subtribe Scolytina Cnemonyx, Scolytus

   Subtribe Ctenophorina Pycnarthrum, Scolytodes

   Subtribe Micracina Hylocurus, Micracis, Micracisella, Pseudothysanoes, *Stenoclyptus, Thysanoes

   Subtribe Cactopinina Cactopinus

   Subtribe Ipina Ips, Orthotomicus, Pityogenes, Pityokteines, *Pseudips

   Subtribe Dryocoetina Coccotrypes, Dendrocranulus, Dryocoetes, Dryoxylon, Lymantor

   Subtribe Crypturgina Crypturgus, Dolurgus

   Subtribe Xyloterina Trypodendron, Xyloterinus

   Subtribe Xyleborina Ambrosiodmus, Ambrosiophilus, Anisandrus, Cnestus, Cyclorhipidion, Euwallacea, Premnobius, Xyleborinus, Xyleborus, Xylosandrus

   Subtribe Cryphalina Cryphalus, Cryptocarenus, *Ernoporicus, +Hypocryphalus, Hypothenemus, Procryphalus, *Scolytogenes, *Trischidias, Trypophloeus

   Subtribe Pityophthorina *Araptus, Conophthorus, *Dendroterus, *Pityoborus, Pityophthorus, *Pityotrichus, Pseudopityophthorus

   Subtribe Corthylina Corthylus, Gnathotrichus, Monarthrum

Subfamily Platypodinae

Tribe Platypodini Euplatypus, Myoplatypus, Oxoplatypus, Treptoplatypus

1-35 mm (usually 5-15 mm)

most have a well-developed downward-curved snout (rostrum); antennae elbowed, clubbed, and the first segment often fits into a groove in the side of the snout

Good old keys, still useful mutatis mutandis, can be found in(3)

throughout the world

most larvae and adults occur and feed on all parts of plants, and many species are important pests because they chew holes in fruits, nuts, and other parts of cultivated plants (see, e.g.,(4))

Adults often play dead when disturbed (by lying motionless on their back)

Members of many non-weevil families also have rostrate heads, e.g.:

-- there must be others as well...