On an as-yet unidentified woodland aster

Each gall was single-chambered, with one larva or pupa inside. Some of the galls I found were already vacant (note emergence hole in gall at right, above) and at least one had exuviae protruding from it, so I figured it was the right time to collect. I took home a few, and before long, several rather large adult gall midges emerged (they're in the freezer and I haven't taken photos yet).

Gall, I dub thee the "witch's hat cone gall," for thou art in the form of a cone, more or less, (useth thine imagination!) and thou resemblest the hat of a witch.