Identification, Images, & Information
For Insects, Spiders & Their Kin
For the United States & Canada

Family Encyrtidae - Encyrtids


Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)
By Gary A. Gibson, James B. Woolley, John T. Huber
Canadian Government Publishing, 1997

The Wasps
By Howard Ensign Evans, Mary Jane West Eberhard
University of Michigan Press, 1970
A readable reference on wasp biology. Out of print, sometimes can be found used.

Parasitic Wasps
By Donald L. J. Quicke
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997

Solitary Wasps: Behavior and Natural History (Cornell Series in Arthropod Biology)
By Kevin M. O'Neill
Comstock Publishing, 2000
Contains information concerning the behavior of a variety of solitary wasps (e.g. sphecid, pompilid, and vespid wasps). This is not, however, an identification guide and this book does not treat what are considered parasitic wasps (e.g. chalcid and ichneumon wasps). Includes a number of summarizing tables as well as case studies of particular species.

Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
By Karl V. Krombein, Paul D. Hurd, Jr., David R. Smith, and B. D. Burks
Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979
Available online at Internet Archive:
Volume 1
Volume 2
Volume 3 (index)

Wasp Farm
By Howard Ensign Evans
Comstock Publishing, 1963
Essays and life history observations.

Winter World: The Ingenuity of Animal Survival
By Bernd Heinrich
Harper Perennial, 2009
Reprint edition of original 2002 hardcover edition which can be purchased via Amazon.com via private sellers here.

This is a fascinating book which deals with how animals prepare, adapt, and survive freezing temperatures. Although bird, mammal and amphibian species are also covered, there is plenty of information on arthropod winter survival strategies.

Keys to the insects of the Far East of the USSR, Vol. 2. Homoptera and Heteroptera
By Lehr, P. A., ed.
Leningrad, Nauka Publishing House, 1988