Family Cerambycidae - Longhorned Beetles
Classification Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Class Insecta (Insects)
Order Coleoptera (Beetles)
Suborder Polyphaga (Water, Rove, Scarab, Longhorn, Leaf and Snout Beetles)
Superfamily Chrysomeloidea (Long-horned and Leaf Beetles)
Family Cerambycidae (Longhorned Beetles)
Other Common Names The Cerambycidae, commonly known as longhorned beetles, longicorns, capricorns, round-headed borers, timber beetles, goat beetles (bock-käfern), or sawyer beetles. (Monné & Hovore 2005) Synonyms and other taxonomic changes Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802.
Includes Disteniidae. Explanation of Names From the name for (now) one genus within the family, Cerambyx. This is from Greek, kerambex (κεραμβυξ), referring to a particular type of horned beetle. This may be derived from a combination of karabos (καραβοσ), beetle, and keras (κερας), horn (1) (2). Numbers About 1,000 species occur in the US and Canada (Johnson & Triplehorn 2004)
Family CERAMBYCIDAE
Tribe Parandrini. Parandra, Neandra
Tribe Macrotomini. Archodontes, Mallodon, Neomallodon, Nothopleurus, Stenodontes, Strongylaspis
Subfamily SPONDYLIDINAE (No tribal assignments). Neospondylis, Scaphinus
Tribe Atimiini. Atimia, Paratimia
Tribe Callidiini. Callidiellum, Callidium, Elatotrypes, Hylotrupes, Meriellum, Phymatodes, Physocnemum, Poecilium, Pronocera, Ropalopus, Semanotus, Xylocrius
Tribe Clytini. Calloides, Chlorophorus, Clytoleptus, Clytus, Euryscelis, Glycobius, Megacheuma, Megacyllene, Neoclytus, Ochraethes, Placosternus, Plesioclytus, Sarosesthes, Tanyochraethes, Triodoclytus, Tylcus, Xylotrechus
Tribe Dryobiini. Dryobius, Ornithia
Tribe Elaphidiini. Aneflomorpha, Aneflus, Anelaphus, Anopliomorpha, Anoplocurius, Astromula, Atylostagma, Curtomerus, Elaphidion, Elaphidionopsis, Enaphalodes, Eustromula, Gymnopsyra, Linsleyonides, Micraneflus, Micranoplium, Neaneflus, Orwellion, Parelaphidion, Pseudoperiboeum, Psyrassa, Romulus, Sphaerion, Stenelaphus, Stenosphenus, Stizocera
Tribe Graciliini. Gracilia, Hypexilis, Perigracilia
Tribe Hesperophanini. Brothylus, Cacophrissus, Eucrossus, Haplidus, Hesperanoplium, Hesperophanes, Malobidion, Meganoplium, Osmidus, Penichroa, Stromatium, Tylonotus, Xeranoplium, Zamodes
Tribe Hyboderini. Hybodera, Lampropterus, Megobrium, Pseudopilema
Tribe Methiini. Coleomethia, Methia, Pseudomethia, Styloxus, Tessaropa
Tribe Oemini. Eudistenia, Haplidoeme, Liberedaxia, Malacopterus, Oeme, Paranoplium, Vandykea
Tribe Trachyderini. Aethecerinus, Amannus, Ancylocera, Batyle, Callona, Chemsakiella, Crioprosopus, Crossidius, Deltaspis, Elytroleptus, Lophalia, Mannophorus, Metaleptus, Megaderus, Parevander, Perarthrus, Plionoma, Purpuricenus, Rhodoleptus, Schizax, Sphaenothecus, Stenaspis, Trachyderes, Tragidion, Tylosis
Tribe Lepturini. Acmaeops, Acmaeopsoides, Alosternida, Analeptura, Anastrangalia, Anoplodera, Anthophylax, Bellamira, Brachyleptura, Brachysomida, Centrodera, Charisalia, Choriolaus, Comacmaeops, Cortodera, Cosmosalia, Cyphonotida, Dorcasina, Encyclops, Evodinus, Gaurotes, Gnathacmaeops, Grammoptera, Idiopidonia, Judolia, Leptalia, Leptorhabdium, Leptura, Lepturopsis, Lycochoriolaus, Megachoriolaus, Metacmaeops, Neanthophylax, Neoalosternida, Neobellamira, Orthochoriolaus, Ortholeptura, Pachyta, Pidonia, Piodes, Pseudogaurotina, Pseudostrangalia, Pygoleptura, Pyrotrichus, Rhagium, Sachalinobia, Stenelytrana, Stenocorus, Stenostrophia, Stictoleptura, Strangalepta, Strangalia, Strophiona, Trachysida, Trigonarthris, Typocerus, Xestoleptura, Xylosteus
Tribe Acanthocinini. Acanthocinus, Alcidion, Astyleiopus, Astylidius, Astylopsis, Atrypanius, Coenopaeus, Dectes, Eutrichillus, Glaucotes, Graphisurus, Hyperplatys, Lagocheirus, Leptostylopsis, Leptostylus, Lepturges, Nyssodrysina, Pseudastylopsis, Sternidius, Sternidocinus, Styloleptus, Trichastylopsis, Trichocanonura, Urgleptes, Valenus
Tribe Pogonocherini. Alphomorphus, Callipogonius, Ecyrus, Lophopogonius, Lypsimena, Pogonocherus, Poliaenus, Pygmaeopsis, Zaplous
Tribe Disteniini. Elytrimitatrix
Size Across the U.S. and Canada, they vary from 3 to 60 mm (Johnson & Triplehorn 2004) Range Distributed world-wide from sea level to montane sites as high as 4,200 m elevation wherever their host plants are found. (Monné & Hovore 2005) Food Larval Cerambycidae also display a variety of habits. Most species feed within dead, dying or even decaying wood, but some taxa are able to use living plant tissue. Girdlers (adults of the Onciderini, larvae of genera in the tribes Methiini, Hesperophanini and Elaphidiini) sever living branches or twigs, with the larvae developing within the nutrient-rich distal portion. The larvae of a few species move freely through the soil, feeding externally upon roots or tunneling up under the root crown. (Monné & Hovore 2005)
Most adult cerambycids, particularly the brightly colored ones, feed on flowers. (Johnson & Triplehorn 2004) Overall, adult feeding requirements are variable, with some species taking nourishment from sap, leaves, blossoms, fruit, bark, and fungi, often not associated with a larval host, while others take little or no nourishment beyond water. (Monné & Hovore 2005) Life Cycle The life spans of most species in temperate regions typically range from one to three years, but many variations exist, and cycles of from two or three months to several decades have been documented. Most of the overall lifetime is spent in the larval stage, with adult beetles usually emerging, dispersing, reproducing, and dying within a span of a few days to a few months. (Monné & Hovore 2005) Remarks Digestion of cellulose appears to be aided primarily by the presence of enzymes rather than symbiotic microorganisms. In many cases, Cerambycidae are primary borers in woody plants, providing a vital "first step" in the biological recycling of these materials. (Monné & Hovore 2005) Print References Borror and DeLong's Introduction to the Study of Insects (3)
The Century Dictionary--entry for Cerambyx (2)
Arnett, American Beetles, Vol. 2, Chapter 120 (4)
Borror, Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms, entry for cerambyx (1)
Hanley, Cerambycidae of North Dakota (5)
Heffern, Survey Cerambycidae of Colorado (6)
Yanega, Field Guide to Northeastern Longhorned Beetles (7)Contributed by Troy Bartlett on 16 February, 2004 - 12:32pm Additional contributions by cotinis, john and jane balaban, Stephen Cresswell, Robin McLeod, Phillip Harpootlian, Chuck Entz, TCMacRae, Mike Quinn, JohnMaxwell22, v belovLast updated 13 December, 2009 - 10:01pm |
