Males are the winged individuals: all have roughly the same size.
By contrast, there are minor and major workers, the latter having a distincly bigger head. This allometric growth is the rule among Carpenter Ants.
Sexuals overwinter as adults in their mother nest in most Carpenter Ants, before swarming in spring. I suspect this one colony is too young to produce sexual females as well. They would be winged individuals like males, but much bigger, larger than even the largest major worker of this picture (see image #48145 in BG from Tom Murray, probably one of the best ever taken of this species group).