Moved from Ants.

The so-called "callow" (i.e. not yet mature) yellowish winged individual is a female sexual. Biggest silk cocoons contain such future reproductives, either males or females, still at pupal stage.
Smaller cocoons will give birth to workers. There are several sizes of them because there are at least two different ant species here:
- the red "slave-maker" of the Formica sanguinea-group,
- and the small black "slaves" of a different group (maybe F. neogagates, and possibly a third species of the fusca group too, at least on the second picture).
The youg winged female is of the red species; when mature, she will have basically the same color as her fellow workers. All Formica males are black wasp-like creatures, very different from the females.