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Home » Guide » Arthropods (Arthropoda) » Hexapods (Hexapoda) » Coneheads (Protura)

Class Protura - Coneheads

Classification · Numbers · Size · Identification · Range · Habitat · Food · Life Cycle · Remarks · Works Cited
Proturan found under bark of small branch. Proturan found under bark of small branch. Protura - Acerentomidae Protura - Acerentomidae Proturan under small damp rotting wood fragment Proturan, dorsal - Hesperentomon macswaini Proturan, dorsal abdomen - Hesperentomon macswaini Proturan, anterior - Hesperentomon macswaini
Classification
Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)
Class Protura (Coneheads)
Numbers
~80 spp. in 21 genera of 4 families in our area (synopsis below), ~750 spp. in >70 genera of 7 families worldwide(1)
Family HESPERENTOMIDAE (1 sp.)
Hesperentomon macswaini
Family PROTENTOMIDAE (4 spp. in 3 genera)
Neocondeellum americanum
Protentomon (2 spp.)
Proturentomon iowaense
Family ACERENTOMIDAE (29 spp. in 15 genera)
Subfamily Berberentulinae
Acerentuloides americanus
Acerentulus (2 spp.)
Baculentulus macqueeni
Gracilentulus (3 spp.)
Proacerella reducta
Subfamily Acerentominae
Filientomon barberi
Fjellbergella tuxeni
Orinentomon greenbergi
Tuxenentulus (2 spp.)
Subfamily Nipponentominae
Alaskaentomon (2 spp.)
Nipponentomon (6 spp.)
Nosekiella (3 spp.)
Paracerella americana
Verrucoentomon (3 spp.)
Vesiculentomon (2 spp.)
Family EOSENTOMIDAE (45 spp. in 2 genera)
Eosentomon (43 spp.)
Styletoentomon (2 spp.)
Size
0.6-1.5 mm(2)
Identification
Head somewhat conical with suctorial mouth parts, largely withdrawn into the head. No eyes or antennae. First pair of legs is primarily sensory and carried in an elevated position.
At hatching there are nine abdominal segments and one is added at each molt. Twelve abdominal segments in the adult.
Range
worldwide except polar regions and nival zones of mountains(1)
Habitat
Moist soil/humus, leaf mold, rotting logs
Food
Decomposing organic matter
Life Cycle
three molts only
Remarks
can be very abundant; densities of >90,000 per sq. meter reported (in a German forest)
Works Cited
1.Catalogue of the world Protura
A. Szeptycki. 2007. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 50B(1): 1-210.
2.Borror and DeLong's Introduction to the Study of Insects
Norman F. Johnson, Charles A. Triplehorn. 2004. Brooks Cole.
Contributed by John F. Carr on 15 March, 2009 - 6:47am
Additional contributions by v belov
Last updated 6 March, 2012 - 12:04pm

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