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Subfamily Scarabaeinae - Dung Beetles

Dung Beetle - Ateuchus Major Male - Phanaeus vindex - male Dichotomius colonicus (Say) - Dichotomius colonicus Phanaeus vindex  - Phanaeus vindex Onthophagus hecate? - Onthophagus hecate Copris lecontei? - Copris Phanaeus vindex female? - Phanaeus Digitonthophagus gazella
Classification
Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)
Class Insecta (Insects)
Order Coleoptera (Beetles)
Suborder Polyphaga
Superfamily Scarabaeoidea
Family Scarabaeidae (Scarab Beetles)
Subfamily Scarabaeinae (Dung Beetles)
Synonyms and other taxonomic changes
see (1)
Numbers
б,850 spp. in ~280 genera worldwide(2)
Identification
keys to MD spp. in (3)
Tribe ID detail
Works Cited
1.The taxonomic revolution of New World dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Cupello M., Silva F.A.B., Vaz-de-Mello F.Z. 2023. Front. Ecol. Evol. 11: 1‒42.
2.Catalogue of Life
3.Illustrated keys to the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Maryland
Nemes S.N., Price D.L. 2015. Northeastern Naturalist 22: 318‒344.