Slater, J. A. and R. M. Baranowski. 1990. The Lygaeidae of Florida (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas. Vol. 14. Florida Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville. xv + 211 pp.

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Summary: The Lygaeidae constitutes one of the largest and most varied families of Heteroptera. Until recently, little specialized work has been carried out on Florida Lygaeidae other than on species of direct economic importance. Recent phylogenetic studies indicate that Lygaeidae may be "a stem group" from whose various ancestral lines, other pentatomomorph hemipterons have arisen such as the Pentatomidea, Coreoidea, Pyrrhocoridae, Largidae and Berytidae. If this proves to be the case, the family is thus paraphyletic.