Synonyms and other taxonomic changes
Eumenes fraterna (spelling)
Identification
A widespread eastern Eumenes.
Range
Eastern North America, west to Ontario, Minnesota, Kansas, Texas.
Habitat
Woodland edges and shrubby fields.
Season
Spring-fall. April-November (North Carolina). July-September (Minnesota)
Life Cycle
Females lay egg in mud nest (built on twig, etc.), then provision with small caterpillars esp. cankerworms. Also reported to provision with sawflies.
There are at least two generations in a year, from late spring to early fall. Overwintering takes place at the prepupal instar, in the mud pots built by last generation mother females. Emerging adults will be the first generation of next year. Taken from comments by Richard Vernier
here.
Print References
Lutz, 3rd edition, plat 98--illustration adult and nest
(2)
Swan and Papp, p. 545, fig. 1188
(3)
Milne, p. 833, fig. 467
(4)
