Other Common Names
Orange Dog (larva in southern orange groves)
Synonyms and other taxonomic changes
Heraclides cresphontes--a split from genus Papilio
Identification
Adult: "Black with a yellow X on the front wing and basal and subapical bands on the hind wing. Distinguished from
P. thoas by the larger spots forming in the lower left leg of the X on the front wing. This is the largest butterfly in the United States and Canada."
(1)
Larva: brown or blackish with pale cream or whitish saddle in middle, and large cream patch on tail, imitating bird poop in coloration; when disturbed, extends orange-red osmeteria from behind head and emits sour unpleasant odor
Range
Central America, Mexico, and across southern United States, northeastern US, and southern Ontario; strays north rarely to Nova Scotia, Quebec, Manitoba, and North Dakota
Habitat
open woodlands and nearby fields, rocky and sandy hillsides near streams or gullies in the north; pine flats, towns, and citrus groves in the south
Season
adults fly all year in the far south; two flights in the north from May to September
Food
larvae feed on leaves of
Citrus species,
Common Pricklyash (
Zanthoxylum americanum), and
Common Hoptree (
Ptelea trifoliata)
adults take flower nectar from a variety of herbaceous plants and shrubs
Life Cycle
eggs are laid singly on host leaves and twigs; at least two generations per year; overwinters in pupa stage inside a chrysalis
See Also
Thoas Swallowtail (
Papilio thoas)has western distribution and smaller spots in lower outside leg of "X" on upperside of forewing
Schaus' Swallowtail (
Papilio aristodemus, - rare, S. Florida only) has narrower pale band.
Internet References
pinned adult image plus description, biology, larval and adult food, US distribution map (Butterflies and Skippers of North America, nearctica.com)
live images of all life stages plus description, larval foodplants, distribution, flight season, habitat (Butterflies of Canada, CBIF)