Subfamily Cardiochilinae

Classification · Pronunciation · Synonyms and other taxonomic changes · Numbers · Identification · Range · Food · Remarks · Works Cited

Argid Sawflies, ID Please - Toxoneuron - female

red and black sawfly or wasp? - Toxoneuron

Braconidae; Cardiochiles - Cardiochiles - male

Classification

Kingdom Animalia (Animals)

Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)

Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)

Class Insecta (Insects)

Order Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, Wasps and Sawflies)

No Taxon ("Parasitica" - Parasitoid Wasps)

Superfamily Ichneumonoidea (Braconid and Ichneumonid Wasps)

Family Braconidae (Braconid Wasps)

Subfamily Cardiochilinae

Pronunciation

kar dee oh kill EYE nee

Synonyms and other taxonomic changes

Had been treated as a tribe in Microgastrinae until at least 1979.(1) Whitfield, J.B., pp. 177-183(2)

Numbers

about 20 genera worldwide; about 10 in the New World (Whitfield, J.B., pp. 177-183(2)), (3)

Identification

See Braconid identification

anteriorly arched fore wing 3RS vein

Range

World wide

Food

koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae, especially in families Pyralidae and Noctuidae. (Whitfield, J.B., pp. 177-183(2))

Remarks

Females of this subfamily inject POLYDNAVIRUSES into the host during oviposition. These virus particles compromise the host immune system, protecting the parasitoid progeny. Click here for more information on this fascinating example of mutualism.

Many are used in biological control of agricultural pests. (Whitfield, J.B., pp. 177-183(2)), (4), (5)

Works Cited

1.	Family Braconidae, pp. 144-295. In: Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico Marsh, P.M. . 1979. Smithsonian Institution Press.

2.	Manual of the New World Genera of the Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) Wharton, R.A., P.M. Marsh, M.J. Sharkey (Eds). 1997. International Society of Hymenopterists.

3.	Systematics of the world genera of Cardiochilinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Dangerfield, P.C., A.D. Austin, and J.B. Whitfield. 1999. Systematic Entomology.

4.	Hansonia, a new genus of cardiochiline Braconidae (Hymeoptera: Braconidae) fro Costa Rica, with notes on its biology Dangerfield, P.C., J.B. Whitfield, M.J. Sharkey, D.H. Janzen, and I. Mercado. . 1996. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98: 592-596. .

5.	Cardiochiles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of lepidopterous larvae, in the Sahel of Africa... Huddleston, T. and A.K. Walker. 1988. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78: 435-461. .

Contributed by Bob Carlson on 15 September, 2011 - 11:53am
Additional contributions by josephfortier
Last updated 19 May, 2015 - 12:16am

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