Identification, Images, & Information
For Insects, Spiders & Their Kin
For the United States & Canada

Genus Parachironomus


The systematics and phylogeny of the Stenochironomus complex (Xestochironomus, Harrisius, and Stenochironomus)
By Borkent
Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 1984

The Nearctic Species of Tendipedini
By Henry K. Townes
University of Notre Dame, 1945
Henry K. Townes, "The Nearctic Species of Tendipedini [Diptera, Tendipedidae (= Chironomidae)]", American Midland Naturalist 34:1-206 (1945). (JSTOR)

This is the most recent revision of the tribe Chironomini as a whole. Some individual genera have been revised since.

The name Tendipes was used for Chironomus in the mid-20th century until a ruling of the International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature restored the traditional name.

A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera), Part 1: Buchonomyiinae, Chilenomyiinae, Podonominae, Aphroteniinae, Tanypodinae...
By Patrick Ashe and James P. O'Connor
The Irish Biogeographical Society, 2009

Identification manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina
By John H. Epler
North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality., 2001
Epler, J. H. (2001). Identification manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality.

Keys to genera of Chironomidae of North and South Carolina, but works pretty well anywhere in the country. Also keys to species for many genera. I use this along with the Chironomidae chapter in Merritt, Cummins and Berg as well as the Wiederholm Holarctic larvae book.

PDF available at John Epler's website among other places: http://johnepler.com/SEMidges.pdf

The adult males of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region
By Torgny Wiederholm
Entomologica Scandinavica, 1989
Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 34 is a 532 page volume with keys, diagnoses, and drawings of the genera of Chironomidae of the Holarctic region.

The genera of larval midges of Canada (Diptera, Chironomidae)
By Oliver D.R., Roussel M.E.
The insects and arachnids of Canada, Pt. 11. Ottawa: Agriculture Canada. 263 pp., 1983

The Chironomidae
By P. D. Armitage, P. S. Cranston, L. C. V. Pinder
Springer, 1995
Subtitled "The biology and ecology of non-biting midges."

The publisher writes: "The dipteran family Chironomidae is the most widely distributed and frequently the most abundant group of insects in freshwater with representatives in both terrestrial and marine environments. This book provides a state-of-the-art account of the family including both pure and applied aspects of research."

Available on Google Books at http://books.google.com/books?id=bQyvnx4x6toC.

Contains a key to subfamilies beginning at page 53, which suffers

Guide to the Insects of Connecticut Part VI. The Diptera or True Flies Fifth Fascicle: Midges and Gnats
By Johannsen OA, Townes HK, Shaw FR, Fisher EG
State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin No. 80, 1952
Contents
Tendipedidae (Chironomidae) by Johannsen OA and Townes HK
Heleidae (Ceratopogonidae) by Johannsen OA
Fungivoridae (Mycetophilidae) by Shaw FR and Fisher EG

not available online as far as I know