native to, and widespread across Europe, adventive in NA (NS, established)(1)(2)
Food
beech leaves; overwintered adults prefer to feed on newly flushed beech foliage but, in Europe, will feed on raspberry (Rubus) and hawthorn (Crataegus; Rosaceae) in early spring, before budburst in beech(1)
Life Cycle
One generation per year; adults emerge in spring and feed on newly expanding beech leaves, peppering
them with small holes, and occasionally damage the mid-rib causing the leaves to wilt(1)