See Scudder (1883) in Print References.
Overwinter as a pupa within the injured tips of the host.
(3)
Eggs laying happens during dusk and darkness. They are deposited on new or old growth needles, in the axils, on developing tips, or on buds. Larvae construct delicate webs in axils formed by developing needles and stems, then they bore into and feed on the needle, severing it. Second-instar larvae construct webs between buds then eat them. When the buds are consumed, they move to another bud. Once the bud is consumed, they bore down the center of the stem. The larval period lasts 2-4 weeks then it constructs as webbed cell within the shoot to pupate.
(3)
5-6 generations per year in the south; in NC and VA area there are 3 generations; and farther north there are only 2 generations.
(3)