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Photo#1293708
H. kasloensis - Natural Hybrid w/ gloveric larval traits - Hyalophora euryalus - female

H. kasloensis - Natural Hybrid w/ gloveric larval traits - Hyalophora euryalus - Female
Okanogan, WA - approx. 8 mi. SE of Okanogan proper, Okanogan County, Washington, USA
June 1, 1995
Size: Approx. nominate gloveri
In 1995, I reared a natural H. c. gloveri x H. euryalus hybrid or derivative of similar ecorace w/ the adult having coloration reminiscent of a H. kasloensis and larva of comparable size to a female H. gloveri larva but identical to H. c. columbia phenotypic traits - e.g. an enlarged H. c. columbia [with size/dimension contrasted to the nominate larvae of H. c. columbia]. The uniqueness of the larva was as follows: a crown of 6, brick-red, thoracic scoli ringed with black at the base, white yellow-tipped elongated and thick dorsal scoli turned back, all lateral blue white-tipped scoli based with black ring. The larva appeared as a large H. c. columbia. It was discovered feeding on Purshia Tridentata, by a close family friend, and given to me as a child. It was found in the arid hills Southeast of Okanogan, WA. The thoracic scoli was bulbous as per a photo of a larva by Philip Medica and published by Dr. Collins [which shows an H. c. gloveri with all dorsal scoli in deep-red, as a natural introgressant w/ H. euryalus], and likewise feeding on Purshia Tridentata. By comparison of the aforesaid, I would suggest that Antelope Bitterbrush induces the expression of the size and dimensions of crown and lateral thoracic scoli in these larvae, as the scoli seem to resemble the nodular plant stem structures, particularly accentuated here.

My postulation is that North Idaho, as well as Northeastern to Northcentral WA, may have isolates of H. c. columbia x H. c. gloveri strains [as those in Montana] and some influence from populations west to east by H. euryalus. We know that it is possible that the hybrid isolates may be self-sustaining, and enigmatic - per discussions with W. Reynolds. In the former, I would strongly suggest that this would dictate this larva as bearing strong H. c. columbia coloration traits with H. c. gloveri larval dimensions and size of scoli. The resultant adult, in my opinion, may have kaslo phenotypic expressions, and these could be contrasted to the collection of specimens taken by Patrick White and published here by W. Reynolds, or likewise compared to pure H. kasloensis, as the PM coloration is typical H. euryalus.

The resultant female silkmoth perplexed me, when it emerged in March 1996, and at that time I referred to it as a "Glover's Silkmoth." This photo is proof to us of the complexity and enigmatic mystery of blend zones and natural hybrid introgression in Northcentral Washington, and a study which still fascinates me.

Moved

Hyalophora hybrid zones
Very good observations.

Given the locality data, this example falls well with in the western edge of the kasloensis complex.

Regarding scoli coloration, there are papers by Dr. M. Collins discussing the genetics and associated scoli coloration as an artifact of hybrid interactions between and among western Hyalophora. The traits in scoli coloration follow predictable models based on breeding and rearing studies. Additionally, populations in the kasloensis complex to the west (as in the "Okanogan & Spokane group") are often very euryalus-like as adults but certainly possess traits in the early life stages that are more kasloensis-like (as discussed here i.e. 5th instars with red scoli and striated cocoon texture as seen in gloveri/columbia group).

With that said, it is important to consider the following:
1) red scoli in western populations are not indicative nor conclusive evidence of Columbia nominate genetic interaction.
2) Hyalophora populations in Idaho and those adjacent to the kasloensis hub are often composed of self sustaining and interconnected "groups" resulting from different hybrid origins and hybrid combinations among parental stocks. Some of these populations are very stable and possess relatively consistent traits while others may be highly polymorphic with a wide degree of variation from euryalus-like to gloveri-like.
3) Kasloensis populations represent a continuum of more euryalus-like individuals to the west and more gloveri-like traits to the east ...as one would expect based on gene flow.
4) DNA analysis of gloveri populations across the west suggest partial speciation and different strains/haplotypes within the taxon we call "gloveri." In fact, reciprocal crosses among gloveri populations can result in 5th instar larvae exhibiting red scoli. There are 2 distinct gloveri haplotype groups in California alone.

So in summary, the systems at play are very complicated and phenotypic analysis can be VERY misleading. More DNA studies are much needed before we can truly address the population differences, relationships and variables observed among western Hyalophora in the euryalus-gloveri groups (esp. as pertains to phenotype).

 
Hybrid Zones - Investigating the topic in-depth
You are more knowledgeable in this area than I, Bill. In fact, when I consider your point 3, I think that this summarizes more correctly my attempts at explaining the blend of phenotypic traits inherited from possibly one or both, H. euryalus or H. gloveri, in this H. kasloensis. Or, as you more succinctly explained in your point 3:

"Kasloensis populations represent a continuum of more euryalus-like individuals to the west and more gloveri-like traits to the east ...as one would expect based on gene flow."

At the same time, I feel my lengthy exposé gives weight to things you mention in your point 2 - e.g. the "self-sustaining and interconnected groups" and that "some of these populations are very stable," so that I am inclined to feel the same with regards to my specimen being contrasted to the BC kasloensis group, versus a more gloveri type as we have moved Eastward, with larval characters and dimensions being more gloveric in composition, than euryalic. Finally, wouldn't we begin to see calling times progressively more distinct in these self-sustaining sub-species of kasloensis, which serve as a protective mechanism to maintain group existence? Again, can we surmise that where "self-sustaining" infers a perpetuation of species, it indicates that even females are fertile indefinitely.

Thank you for elucidating, I always value your wealth of information and feedback. I hope other members find some interest in the common topic.

Best Regards!

Rick Illingworth

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