Family Curculionidae - Snout and Bark Beetles

Weevils

Four major groups: The oldest lineages (the paraphyletic "Brachycerinae", treated here as a family) are monocot specialists and have a primitive aedeagus. Dryophthorinae and Platypodinae are closely related and share some larval similarities. Bagoinae form a small lineage sister to the remaining subfamilies, which feed mostly on dicots and have more advanced aedeagal morphology. Two major clades recognized, which correspond to endophytic vs ectophytic larval ecology. The latter includes Entiminae, Hyperinae, Gonipterinae, and Cyclominae. The rest form the endophytic clade, where many currently recognized subfamilies appear to be para- or polyphyletic.(1)

Curculionidae Latreille 1802

Arguably, the largest animal family with >50,000 spp. in ~4600 genera worldwide(2) and 2,500 spp. in ~480 genera of 19 subfamilies in our area (Staphylinidae and/or Ichneumonidae may turn out more speciose.)

Overview of our fauna (DRAFT)Taxa not yet in the guide: (*) native, (٭‎) non-native

Family CURCULIONIDAE

Subfamily Dryophthorinae

Tribe Dryophthorini Dryophthorus

Tribe Orthognathini

   Subtribe Orthognathina Orthognathus

   Subtribe Rhinostomina Rhinostomus

Tribe Rhynchophorini

   Subtribe Rhynchophorina Rhynchophorus

   Subtribe Litosomina Sitophilus

   Subtribe Sphenophorina Cactophagus · Cosmopolites · Metamasius · Rhodobaenus · Scyphophorus · Sphenophorus

[Subfamily Erirhininae] (moved to Brachyceridae)

Tribe Erirhinini

   Subtribe Erirhinina Grypus · Notaris · Procas · Tournotaris

   Subtribe Stenopelmina Brachybamus · Cyrtobagous · Lissorhoptrus · Neobagoidus · Neochetina · Neohydronomus · Notiodes · Onychylis · Stenopelmus

   Subtribe Tanysphyrina Tanysphyrus

[Subfamily Raymondionyminae] (moved to Brachyceridae)

Tribe Raymondionymini *Alaocybites · Gilbertiola · Schizomicrus

Subfamily Curculioninae

Tribe Curculionini Archarius · Curculio

Tribe Acalyptini Acalyptus

Tribe Anthonomini Anthonomopsis · Anthonomus · Atractomerus · Brachyogmus · Chelonychus · Cionomimus · Cionopsis · Coccotorus · Dietzianus · Ephelops · Epimechus · Huaca · Magdalinops · Nanops · Narberdia · Neomastix · Pseudanthonomus · Smicraulax

Tribe Camarotini Odontopus

Tribe Cionini Cionus

Tribe Derelomini Derelomus · *Elaeidobius[img] · *Hypoleschus · Notolomus · Phyllotrox

Tribe Ellescini

   Subtribe Ellescina Ellescus · Proctorus

   Subtribe Dorytomina Dorytomus

Tribe Erodiscini Sicoderus

Tribe Mecinini Cleopomiarus · Mecinus · Rhinusa

Tribe Otidocephalini Micromyrmex · Myrmex · Oopterinus

Tribe Piazorhinini Piazorhinus

Tribe Rhamphini

   Subtribe Rhamphina Isochnus · Orchestes · Tachyerges

   Subtribe Tachygonina Tachygonus

Tribe Storeini Pachytychius

Tribe Smicronychini Promecotarsus · Smicronyx

Tribe Styphlini Orthochaetes

Tribe Tychiini

   Subtribe Tychiina Sibinia · Tychius

   Subtribe Lignyodina Lignyodes · Plocetes

   Subtribe Ochyromerina Ochyromera

   Unassigned: Macrorhoptus

Subfamily Bagoinae Pnigodes · Bagous

Subfamily Baridinae

[color=blue]Tribe Madarini

   Subtribe Madarina Ampeloglypter · Glyptobaris · Madarellus · Onychobaris · Orchidophilus · Stictobaris

   Subtribe Leptoschoinina Odontocorynus

   Subtribe Tonesiina Myctides

Tribe Apostasimerini

   Subtribe Torcina Sibariops

   Subtribe Zygobaridina Acentrinops · Amercedes · Apinocis · Barilepis · Barilepton · Barinus · Buchananius · Calandrinus · Catapastinus · Catapastus · Centrinites · Centrinogyna · Centrinopus · Cholinobaris · Cylindridia · *Diorymeropsis · Dirabius · Eisonyx · Geraeus · Haplostethops · Idiostethus · Linogeraeus · Macrobaris · Microcholus · Nicentrus · Oligolochus · Oomorphidius · Pachybaris · Plocamus · *Pseudocentrinus · Stethobaris · Trichodirabius · Zygobarella · Zygobarinus · *Zygobaris

Tribe Nertinini Lipancylus

Subfamily Ceutorhynchinae

Tribe Ceutorhynchini Allosirocalus · Amalorrhynchus · Amalus · Ceutorhynchus · Glocianus · Hadroplontus · Microplontus · Mogulones · Nedyus · Phrydiuchus · Poophagus · *Prisistus · Rileyonymus · Sirocalodes · Trichosirocalus

Tribe Cnemogonini Acanthoscelidius · Asperauleutes · Auleutes · Cnemogonus · Craponius · Dietzella · Orchestomerus · *Pelenosomus · Perigaster · Perigasteromimus

Tribe Hypurini Hypurus

Tribe Mononychini Mononychus

Tribe Phytobiini Euhrychiopsis · Neophytobius · Parenthis · Pelenomus · Phytobius · Rhinoncomimus · Rhinoncus

Tribe Scleropterini Acallodes · Asperosoma · Homorosoma · Prorutidosoma

Subfamily Conoderinae

Tribe Lechriopini Acoptus · Copturomorpha · Copturus · *Cylindrocopturinus · Eulechriops · Lechriops · Psomus

Tribe Zygopini Cylindrocopturus · Peltophorus

Subfamily Cossoninae

Tribe Cossonini Cossonus · Mesites · Stenotrupis

Tribe Acamptini Acamptus

Tribe Dryotribini Amaurorhinus · Caulophilus · Dryotribus · Micromimus · *Paralicus · Stenomimus

Tribe Onycholipini Hexarthrum · Pselactus · Pseudopentarthrum · Stenoscelis · Trichacorynus

Tribe Pentarthrini Euophryum · *Macroscytalus · ‎Pentarthrum

Tribe Proecini Proeces

Tribe Rhyncolini

   Subtribe Rhyncolina Aphanommata · Apotrepus · Carphonotus · Elassoptes · Himatium · Macrancylus · Macrorhyncolus · Nyssonotus · Rhyncolus · Stenancylus · Tomolips

   Subtribe Phloeophagina Phloeophagus

Subfamily Cryptorhynchinae

Tribe Cryptorhynchini

   Subtribe Cryptorhynchina Apteromechus · Cnemidoprion · Cryptorhynchus · Eubulus · Eutinobothrus · Liometophilus · Maemactes · *Neoulosomus[img] · Phyrdenus · Sternochetus · Sudus · Troezon · Tyloderma · Zascelis

   Subtribe Tylodina Acalles · Calles · Canistes · Eurhoptus · Euscepes · Faustinus · Gerstaeckeria · Lembodes · Paracamptus · Peracalles · Pseudoacalles · Pseudomopsis · Pseudomus

Tribe Gasterocercini Cophes · Episcirrus · *Hohonus · Rhynchus

Subfamily Cyclominae

Tribe Listroderini Listroderes · Listronotus

Subfamily Entiminae

Tribe Agraphini Agraphus · Paragraphus

Tribe Alophini Lepidophorus · Plinthodes · Trichalophus · Triglyphulus

Tribe Anypotactini Polydacrys

Tribe Brachyderini Brachyderes · Strophosoma

Tribe Cneorhinini Philopedon

Tribe Cyphicerini

   Subtribe Cyphicerina Cyrtepistomus · Myosides · Oedophrys

   Subtribe Acanthotrachelina Calomycterus

   Subtribe Myllocerina Myllocerus · Neoptochus

Tribe *Dermatodini *Tetrabothynus

Tribe Eudiagogini Aracanthus · Colecerus · Eudiagogus

Tribe Eustylini Achrastenus · Brachystylus · Compsus · Diaprepes

Tribe Geonemini Barynotus · Bradyrhynchoides · Calyptillus · Cryptolepidus · Epicaerus · Graphorhinus · Lachnopus · Omileus · Stamoderes · Stereogaster · Trigonoscuta

Tribe Hormorini Agasphaerops · Hormorus · *Lupinocolus

Tribe Naupactini Artipus · Atrichonotus · Ericydeus · Glaphyrometopus · Mesagroicus · Naupactus · *Pactorrhinus · Phacepholis · Platyomus

Tribe Omiini Omias

Tribe Ophryastini Ophryastes · Sapotes

Tribe Otiorhynchini Agronus · Otiorhynchus · Sciopithes

Tribe Peritelini Anchitelus · Aragnomus · Dysticheus · Eucilinus · Eucyllus · Geodercodes · Nemocestes · Orthoptochus · Paraptochus · Peritelinus · *Peritelodes · Peritelopsis · Rhypodillus · Stenoptochus · Stomodes · Thinoxenus · Thricolepis

Tribe Phyllobiini Aphrastus · Evotus · Phyllobius

Tribe Polydrusini Liophloeus · Pachyrhinus · Polydrusus

Tribe Sciaphilini Barypeithes · Brachysomus · Mitostylus · Sciaphilus

Tribe Sitonini Sitona

Tribe Tanymecini

   Subtribe Tanymecina Amotus · Hadromeropsis · Isodacrys · Isodrusus · Miloderoides · Minyomerus · Pachnaeus · Pandeleteinus · Pandeleteius · Scalaventer · Tanymecus · Trigonoscutoides

Tribe Thecesternini Thecesternus

Tribe Trachyphloeini Cathormiocerus · Cercopeus · Cercopedius · *Chaetechidius · Pseudocercopeus · Pseudocneorhinus · Trachyphloeosoma · Trachyphloeus

Tribe Tropiphorini Adaleres · Anametis · Byrsopages · Cimbocera · Connatichela · Crocidema · Diamimus · Dichoxenus · Dirotognathus · Dyslobus · *Leptopinara · *Melanolemma · Miloderes · Orimodema · Panscopus · Paracimbocera · *Paranametis · Peritaxia · Phyxelis · Pseudorimus · Rhigopsis · Tropiphorus

Subfamily Gonipterinae Gonipterus · Oxyops

Subfamily Hyperinae Coniatus · Donus · Hypera

Subfamily Lixinae

Tribe Lixini Eustenopus · Larinus · Lixus · Microlarinus

Tribe Cleonini Apleurus · Cleonis · Cyphocleonus · *Purealus · Scaphomorphus · Stephanocleonus

Tribe Rhinocyllini Bangasternus · Rhinocyllus

Subfamily Mesoptiliinae

Tribe Laemosaccini Laemosaccus

Tribe Magdalidini Magdalis · Trichomagdalis

Subfamily Molytinae

Tribe Molytini

   Subtribe Plinthina Gastrotaphrus · Steremnius · Sthereus

Tribe Trachodini Trachodes

Tribe Anchonini Anchonus

Tribe Cholini

   Subtribe ٭‎Cholina ٭‎Cholus[img]

   Subtribe Rhinastina Neoerethistes

Tribe Cleogonini Rhyssomatus

Tribe Conotrachelini Conotrachelus · Epacalles · Lepilius · Micralcinus · Microhyus · Micromastus · Pheloconus

Tribe Cycloterini Gononotus

Tribe Hylobiini Eudociminus · Heilipus · Heilus · Hilipinus · Hylobius · Pachylobius

Tribe Lepyrini Lepyrus

Tribe Lymantini Caecossonus · Dioptrophorus · Lymantes

Tribe Petalochilini Hormops

Tribe Pissodini Pissodes

Tribe Sternechini Chalcodermus · Sternechus

Tribe Emphyastini Emphyastes · Thalasselephas

Tribe *Trypetidini *Nanus

Unassigned: ٭‎Tranes [img]

Subfamily Scolytinae

Tribe Hylesinini

   Subtribe Hylastina Hylastes · Hylurgops · Scierus

   Subtribe Hylesinina Alniphagus · Hylastinus · Hylesinus

   Subtribe Hylurgina (=Tomicina) Dendroctonus · Hylurgus · Hylurgopinus · Pseudohylesinus · Tomicus · Xylechinus

   Subtribe Bothrosternina Cnesinus · Pagiocerus

   Subtribe Phloeotribina Phloeotribus

   Subtribe Phloeosinina Chramesus · Dendrosinus · Phloeosinus

   Subtribe Hypoborina Chaetophloeus · Liparthrum

   Subtribe Polygraphina Carphobius · Carphoborus · Polygraphus

Tribe Scolytini

   Subtribe Scolytina Cnemonyx · Scolytus

   Subtribe Hexacolina (=Ctenophorina) Pycnarthrum · Scolytodes

   Subtribe Micracidina Hylocurus · Micracis · Micracisella · Pseudothysanoes · Stenoclyptus · Thysanoes

   Subtribe Cactopinina Cactopinus

   Subtribe Ipina Ips · Orthotomicus · Pityogenes · Pityokteines · Pseudips

   Subtribe Dryocoetina Coccotrypes · Dendrocranulus · Dryocoetes · Dryoxylon · Lymantor

   Subtribe Crypturgina Crypturgus · Dolurgus

   Subtribe Xyloterina Trypodendron · Xyloterinus

   Subtribe Xyleborina Ambrosiodmus · Ambrosiophilus · Anisandrus · Cnestus · Coptoborus · Cyclorhipidion · *Dryocoetoides · Euwallacea · Heteroborips · Premnobius · Theoborus · Wallacellus · Xyleborinus · Xyleborus · Xylosandrus

   Subtribe Cryphalina Cryphalus · Cryptocarenus · *Ernoporicus · Hypocryphalus · Hypothenemus · Procryphalus · Scolytogenes · Trischidias · Trypophloeus

   Subtribe Pityophthorina *Araptus · Conophthorus · Dendroterus · Pityoborus · Pityophthorus · Pityotrichus · Pseudopityophthorus

   Subtribe Corthylina Corthylus · Gnathotrichus · Monarthrum

Subfamily Platypodinae

Tribe Platypodini Euplatypus · Myoplatypus · Oxoplatypus · Treptoplatypus

1‒35 mm

most have a downward-curved snout (rostrum) that tends to be longer in ♀♀; antennae elbowed, clubbed, with scape often fitting into a groove in the side of snout (antennal insertion more basal in ♀♀)

worldwide

Most larvae and adults occur and feed on all parts of plants, and many species are important pests because they chew holes in fruits, nuts, and other parts of cultivated plants (see, e.g., (4))

Members of many non-weevil families also have rostrate heads, e.g.:

―there must be others as well...

Weevils of Texas (Quinn 2017)