Females deposit eggs in previously girdled twigs or small branches. These girdled section soon die and fall to the ground. The larvae feed in the fallen twigs until the middle of summer, loosely filling their mines with frass. Pupation occur in a cell formed by walling off a portion of the mine. Adults appear in late summer or early fall.
(3)
One generation per year in the south; many larvae don't pupate until the 2nd year in the north.
(3)