They have a complicated life cycle with agamic and sexual generations and with different galls in different parts of the plant (leaves vs. stems). It may take three years to complete the whole cycle. In most cases very little is known.1
Internet References
"Callirhytis quercusclaviger (Ashmead) and Callirhytis cornigera (Osten Sacken) " from the University of Florida (HTML version or PDF document)