March 7, 2020: collected 2 small stem galls on undetermined plants in a planted prairie
April 11, 2020: fly emerged from one gall (009-W20), plant must be a Solidago sp.


May 13, 2020: parasitoid wasps, 4 females, 1 male, emerged from the second gall. Cut open the gall to a dead larva of Bucculatrix simulans with parasitoid emergent holes.

Plant must be a sunflower. Sawtooth sunflowers, Helianthus grosseserratus, are the most numerous sunflowers in this prairie planting and are also the only sunflower on which I've found these galls (to date).

I like it that sometimes knowing the insect, in this case the wasp host, can help determine the plant.