Synonyms and other taxonomic changes
Epiblema strenuana (Walker, 1863)
Grapholita strenuana Walker, 1863
(1)
Grapholita exvagana Walker, 1863
Steganoptycha flavocellana Clemens, 1865
Grapholita subversana Zeller, 1875
Phylogenetic sequence #621065
Explanation of Names
Specific epithet from Latin strenua meaning "vigorous, strenuous."
Numbers
There are more than 40
Epiblema species in America north of Mexico.
(2)Size
Forewing length 4.5-8.5 mm.
(2)Identification
See redescription in Gilligan et al. (2020)
(3)
Specimen identified by DNA analysis (BOLD)
(4)
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Adult: forewing medium to dark brownish-gray extensively covered with fine pale dots; pale patch at anal angle usually contains two small black marks; hindwing brownish-gray.
Adults are extremely variable in pattern and color.
(2)Range
Quebec and Ontario to Florida
(5), east to Texas
(6).
Season
Most records of adults are from April to September.
(7)Food
Larvae bore inside stems of
ragweed (
Ambrosia spp.),
Lambsquarters (
Chenopodium album),
pigweed (
Amaranthus spp.), and
cocklebur (
Xanthium spp.)
Remarks
Page creation based on identification of this photo by Richard Brown.
Epiblema strenuana (Tortricidae) is considered a species complex, with "small gray" and "large brown" morphs, of which
this moth is the former. … Terry Harrison, 14 December, 2012 (Note: this is at least partially resolved in Gilligan et al. (2020)
(3).)
See Also
Compare to related species on the pinned plates of
Moth Photographers Group.
Epiblema minutana, formerly treated as a synonym of
strenuana. See redescriptions for both species in Gilligan et al. (2020)
(3).
Print References
Blanchard, A. 1979. New status for
Epiblema minutana Kearfott and new species of
Epiblema Hubner and
Sonia Heinrich (Tortricidae).
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Gilligan, Wright & Gibson, 2008. Olethreutine Moths of the Midwestern United States: p. 121.178.
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Miller, W.E. & M.G. Pogue, 1984. Ragweed Borer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Eucosmini): Taxonomic Implications of an Allometric Analysis of Adult Characters. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 77(3):
227–231.
Powell, J.A., & P.A. Opler 2009. Moths of Western North America. pl. 15.44f, 15.45; p. 135.
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Walker, F. 1863. Crambites & Tortricites.
List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, 27:
383.
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