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Species Papaipema unimoda - Meadow-Rue Borer - Hodges#9509

Noctuidae: Papaipema unimoda - Papaipema unimoda Meadow Rue Borer - Papaipema unimoda Meadow Rue Borer - Papaipema unimoda Meadow-rue Borer Moth - Papaipema unimoda  Papaipema unimoda  - Papaipema unimoda Papaipema unimoda (Meadow Rue Borer) - Papaipema unimoda Papaipema unimoda  - Papaipema unimoda Papaipema unimoda  - Papaipema unimoda
Show images of: caterpillars · adults · both
Classification
Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)
Class Insecta (Insects)
Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths)
Superfamily Noctuoidea (Owlet Moths and kin)
Family Noctuidae (Owlet Moths)
Subfamily Noctuinae (Cutworm or Dart Moths)
Tribe Apameini
Genus Papaipema (Borer Moths)
Species unimoda (Meadow-Rue Borer - Hodges#9509)
Hodges Number
9509
Synonyms and other taxonomic changes
Papaipema unimoda (Smith, 1894)
Hydroecia unimoda Smith, 1894
Synonyms
Hydroecia frigida Smith, 1899
Gortyna thalictri Lyman, 1905
Papaipema frigida Hampson, 1910
P. terminalis Strand, 1916
P. perobsoleta (Lyman, 1905)
P. imperspicua Bird, 1908
Phylogenetic sequence # 932465(1)
Numbers
Lafontaine & Schmidt (2010) listed 47 species of the genus Papaipema in America north of Mexico. (1)
Size
The wingspan ranges from 30-40 mm.
Smith (1894) reported the wingspan 36-39 mm.
Identification
genitalia
Range
Alberta to Colorado east to New Brunswick and North Carolina. (2), (3), (4), (5)
Holotype ♂ from Durango, Colorado by J.B. Smith.
Season
The flight period appears to be June to October peaking in September.
Food
The larvae bore in roots and stems of meadow-rue (Thalictrum spp.), coneflower (Rudbeckia spp.), carrion-flower, Jacob's ladder.
Life Cycle
One generation per year.
Life cycle images:
larva; spent pupa; adult
Remarks
Beadle & Leckie (2012) reported the species is uncommon. (6)
Print References
Hampson, G.F. 1910. Noctuidae. Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum 9: 81.
Smith, J.B. 1894. Descriptions of new genera and species of Noctuidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 21: 73; plate 1, row 2, fig. 6.
Internet References
pinned adult image (John Glaser, Maryland)
common name reference and distribution (NatureServe Explorer)
distribution in western Canada - list of provinces (CBIF)
Works Cited
1.Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico.
Donald J. Lafontaine, B. Christian Schmidt. 2010. ZooKeys 40: 1–239 .
2.North American Moth Photographers Group
3.Owlet Caterpillars of Eastern North America
David L. Wagner. 2011. Princeton University Press.
4.Assessment of species diversity in the Atlantic Maritime Ecozone
McAlpine D.F., Smith I.M. (eds.). 2010. Canadian Science Publishing (NRC Research Press). 785 pp.
5. An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada
Gregory R. Pohl, Gary G. Anweiler, B. Christian Schmidt, Norbert G. Kondla. 2010. ZooKeys 38: 1–549.
6.Peterson Field Guide to Moths of Northeastern North America
David Beadle and Seabrooke Leckie. 2012. Houghton Mifflin.
7.BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data Systems
8.Butterflies of North America