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Species Anarta trifolii - The Nutmeg - Hodges#10223
Classification Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)
Class Insecta (Insects)
Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths)
Superfamily Noctuoidea (Owlet Moths and kin)
Family Noctuidae (Owlet Moths)
Subfamily Noctuinae (Cutworm or Dart Moths)
Tribe Hadenini
Genus Anarta
Species trifolii (The Nutmeg - Hodges#10223)
Other Common Names Clover Cutworm (larva) Synonyms and other taxonomic changes Anarta trifolii (Hufnagel, 1766)
Phalaena trifolii Hufnagel, 1766
Discestra trifolii
* phylogenetic sequence #932826 Explanation of Names TRIFOLII: probably a reference to the clover genus Trifolium, one of the larval food plants Size Wingspan 30-40 mm (Covell, 1984). (1)
Forewing length 14-16 mm (Powell & Opler, 2009). (2)
Larva less than 3.5 cm (Wagner et al. 2011). (3)Identification Adult - forewing yellowish-brown to grayish; lines double, indistinct; most conspicuous markings are dark shading in lower half of reniform spot, and large W shape near middle of whitish subterminal line [described by Covell as "1-3 thin sharp wedges pointing inward from ST line"]; orbicular spot almost circular; claviform spot cone-shaped (may be dark in some specimens, pale in others); hindwing dirty whitish with blackish outer margin except for whitish patch at anal angle [adapted from description by Charles Covell].
Larva - body light green with dorsolateral line consisting of series of short dark streaks; ventrolateral line pinkish with dark spot in middle of each segment. Wagner describes it as having "endless varieties". Range Throughout North America, including the far north (Alaska to Northwest Territories); may be absent from some southeastern states (e.g. South Carolina) but is recorded from Florida (4). Occurs worldwide in temperate zones. Season Adults fly from May to October in the south, with presumably a much-restricted season in the far north (July and August?). Larvae present from June to September. Food Larvae feed on more than 30 species of woody and herbaceous plants, including clover, several garden vegetables, sow-thistle, several plants in the mustard family, pigweed, lambs-quarters, various other weeds, elm, poplar. Life Cycle Overwinters as a pupa in the soil; eggs laid singly on underside of leaves in late spring and summer; newly-hatched caterpillars feed on underside of lower leaves, gradually moving up plant as they mature, causing damage during late June through early July and again from mid August through September; mature caterpillars burrow into topsoil to pupate.
Life cycle images:
eggs; newly hatched larva; older larvae; older larvae and pupa; adult
Remarks Recent observations on several European web sites suggest this species is becoming less common in the old world. See Also In the west, the most similar Anarta species is probably The Mutant ( A. mutata), which has a more oblong orbicular spot and its forewing is more brownish/less yellowish
In the east, Apamea devastator (Glassy Cutworm) is similar but lacks the W shape in the subterminal line; also see Euxoa detersa ( Rubbed Dart)
Caterpillar like the Verbena moth ( Crambodes talidiformis) (Wagner et al. 2001) Print References Covell Jr., C. V. 1984. A field guide to moths of eastern North America. p.99, pl.21(3)
Powell, J. A. & P. A. Opler 2009. Moths of Western North America. University of California Press. pl.55.18m, p.302
Wagner, D. L., D. F. Schweitzer, J. B. Sullivan & R. C. Reardon 2011. Owlet caterpillars of eastern North America. Princeton University Press. p.491 (3)Internet References distribution in Canada list of provinces and territories (U. of Alberta, using CBIF data) Works Cited | 2. | Moths of Western North America
Powell and Opler. 2009. UC Press. | |
| 3. | Owlet Caterpillars of Eastern North America
David L. Wagner. 2011. Princeton University Press. | |
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