A
Heliconius male with one spermatophore provides enough nitrogen to supply 15-30 eggs.
(1)
Protrusion on the stipules and meristems of
Passiflora look like eggs of
Heliconius butterflies, who are the primary herbivores on these plants. These egg mimics reduce the number of oviposition sites.
(1)
Females of this species at first encounter with a host plant associate the shape of the leaves with their chemistry and afterwards search for the same leaf shape.
(3)