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Species Rhyacionia buoliana - European Pine Shoot Moth - Hodges#2867

Unknown reddish Tortricid no. 2 - Rhyacionia buoliana Rhyacionia buoliana European Pine Shoot Moth - Rhyacionia buoliana Rhyacionia buoliana Moth - Rhyacionia buoliana moth - Rhyacionia buoliana - female Leaf Roller Moth of some type? - Rhyacionia buoliana Pennsylvania Moth - Rhyacionia buoliana
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Classification
Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)
Class Insecta (Insects)
Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths)
Superfamily Tortricoidea (Tortricid Moths)
Family Tortricidae (Tortricid Moths)
Subfamily Olethreutinae
Tribe Eucosmini
Genus Rhyacionia (Pine Tip Moths)
Species buoliana (European Pine Shoot Moth - Hodges#2867)
Hodges Number
2867
Synonyms and other taxonomic changes
Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
Tortrix buoliana Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775 (1)
Evetria buoliana
Rhyacionia buoliana
Explanation of Names
Named in honor of entomologist Baron Buol of Vienna, who studied its "injurious work during the latter part of the eighteenth century." (2)
Size
Caterpillar up to 15 mm.
Forewing length 8-11 mm. (3)
Identification
Range
Introduced to the northeast United States in the early 1900's, spread to the Pacific Northwest where its known from southern British Columbia to coastal Oregon. (3) It also occurs through much of Europe and in a small area in South America. (4)
Type locality: Vicinity of Vienna, Austria. (4)
Habitat
Pine forests.
Season
One generation per year, overwinters as a larva. (3)
Food
Larvae feed on pine (Pinus). (5), (3)
Life Cycle
The first 2 caterpillar instars feed on the needles, then bore into the shoot to hibernate for the winter.
Adults lays eggs singly or in group of 2-10 at the base of buds, on needle fascicles and twig tips. Newly-hatched larvae spin resin coated, tentlike webs between needle sheaths and the stems of current year's growth; then they bore thru the sheaths and mind the bases of the needles. In mid-summer the larvae move to buds and construct new resin coated webs. These glisten brightly then solidify into yellowish-white masses. Pupation occurs inside the burrow or tent.(6)
Overwinter as larvae in a feeding tunnel in the bud.(6)
One generation per year.(6)
Remarks
Introduced from Europe more than a hundred years ago.
Orgilus obscurator was imported in the 1930s as a bio control for this moth. Control ranges from 0-50% in USA; Canada has had better luck. This ichneumon wasp overwinters within the hibernating host.(6)
Pimpla turionellae, a European ichneumon wasp, was imported as a control in the 1930s. It has established in southern Ontario.(6)
Temeluchia interruptor, an ichneumon wasp, was imported in 1930s as a bio control agent. It became established in CT, NJ, and NY in 1937 but 10 years later it has almost disappeared.(6)
Three Eurytomidae wasps were imported as bio control: Eurytoma verticillata, Eurytoma pini, Eurytoma tylodermatis.(6)
A Chalcididae, Haltichella xanticles uses this moth as a host.(6)
Print References
Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775. Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend: 128. (1)
Works Cited
1.Systematisches Verzeichniß der Schmetterlinge der Wienergegend.
Michael Denis & Ignaz Schiffermüller. 1775. Augustin Bernardi, Wien. pp.323.
2.Dictionary of natural history terms with their derivations, including the various orders, genera, and species.
David H. McNicoll. 1863. Lovell Reeve & Company.
3.Moths of Western North America
Powell and Opler. 2009. UC Press.
4.Nearctic pine tip moths of the genus Rhyacionia: Biosystematic review (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Olethreutinae)
Powell, Jerry A. 1978. United States Department of Agriculture.
5.HOSTS - The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database
6.Eastern Forest Insects
Whiteford L. Baker. 1972. U.S. Department of Agriculture · Forest Service.