Identification, Images, & Information
For Insects, Spiders & Their Kin
For the United States & Canada

Class Diplopoda - Millipedes


The chemical defenses of millipedes (Diplopoda): Biochemistry, physiology and ecology
By Shear W.A.
Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 61: 78‒117, 2015

Practical keys to the orders and families of millipedes of the Neotropical region (Myriapoda: Diplopoda)
By Hoffman R.L., Golovatch S.I., Adis J.U., Wellington de Morais J.
Amazoniana 14: 1‒35, 1996

A checklist of the millipeds of Mexico and Central America
By Loomis H.F.
Bull. USNM 266: 1‒137, 1968

Millipedes of Ohio field guide
By Derek Hennen and Jeff Brown
Ohio Division of Wildlife, 2021
The Ohio Division of Wildlife publishes small field guide booklets on the various flora and fauna of the state. These booklets are aimed at a general audience, with a focus on identifying species based on photos. They include distribution and identification information of Ohio species, and are available for free from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources website. The Millipedes of Ohio field guide can be downloaded directly from [ur

Discovery of a glowing millipede in California and the gradual evolution of bioluminescence in Diplopoda
By Paul E. Marek, Wendy Moore
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol 112 (20): 6419-6424, 2015
Full text PDF
Quote: "The rediscovery of the Californian millipede Xystocheir bistipita surprisingly reveals that the species is bioluminescent."

The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 2: The genera Trichopetalum, Zygonopus and Scoterpes (Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea)
By Shear, W. A.
Zootaxa, 2010
Full citation:

Shear, W. A. 2010. The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 2: The genera Trichopetalum, Zygonopus and Scoterpes (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea). Zootaxa 2385: 1-62.

The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 1: Introduction and Genera Trigenotyla Causey, Nannopetalum n. gen., and Causeyella n.
By Shear, W. A.
Zootaxa, 2003
Full citation -

Shear, W. A. 2003. The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 1: Introduction and Genera Trigenotyla Causey, Nannopetalum n. gen., and Causeyella n. gen. (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea). Zootaxa 321: 1-36.

Wisconsin Millipeds: A Preliminary Species List and a Catalog of Records
By Dreux J. Watermolen
Wisconsin Entomological Society Special Publication No. 3, 1995
pdf