Identification
Larva can be white, yellow, green, brown, blue, or rarely red. Eyespot is usually single, if double the upper spot is behind the lower. Larvae are hard to separate from Diamesinae.
Range
Worldwide (including Antarctica), more diverse in colder regions.
Remarks
There is no accepted division of Orthocladiinae into tribes.
Identification past subfamily is normally impossible from photos and almost impossible with specimens under a microscope.