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Photo#439764
Long-Legged Fly - Pelastoneurus - female

Long-Legged Fly - Pelastoneurus - Female
South San Francisco, San Mateo County, California, USA
July 19, 2009
Found near landward edge of inter-tidal marsh, along the bay on the San Francisco peninsula.

I'm thinking this is in the family Dolichopodidae, and in the genus Paraclius (or, less likely 2nd choice, Mesorhaga). There are 15 species of Paraclius appearing on this recent Dolichopodidae Checklist. Details behind this ID attempt are given below. Hoping someone with expertise in this group can correct or confirm my ID here. I'd also very much appreciate any feedback from those with the interest (and patience:-) to follow through the details of my putative keying sequence below. Thanks!

____________________________

I did my best to key this in the "Manual of Nearctic Diptera"(1)(Vol I, 1983), now easily accessible online as a PDF. (Hooray!) I'm nearly certain this is in the family Dolichopodidae (gestalt and circumstantial cues are strong, although keying to family in MND(1) wasn't totally clear for me...that's why I'm making initial post here to "ID Request" page.)

Assuming this is indeed Dolichopodidae, I did my best to work through the key to genera (pg. 628 in MND(1)), modulo a few potentially treacherous key breaks which I'm hoping I navigated correctly...based mainly on the good agreement of the wing venation for Paraclius (see Fig. 31 on pg. 630 in MND(1) or this MCZ image).

My "2nd choice" ID here was due to my hesitance to unequivocally interpret the first key break, namely:

1) Vertex of head deeply excavated as seen from anterior view (Fig. 2). Scutum often as wide as long.......2; versus

1') Vertex of head not or only slightly excavated (Figs. 3-8). Scutum never as wide as long.......5

You can best see the "excavation" in last image in this series. It seems "slight" to me, rather than "deep". But even with reference to Fig. 2 on p. 629 of MND(1), I'm hestitant here...partly because I don't have a good "head-on view" image. The scutum here is slightly longer than wide...though, read carefully, that character pair in the couplet is not very definitive—note to the qualifier "often". (I omitted a third character from the couplet that seem even less definitive.) So I think the 2nd choice is the way to go, but if I do go with "deeply excavated", I get to genus Mesorhaga at the very next couplet [i.e. 2): Vein M unbranched].

So, returning to the (seemingly better) choice, "vertex not or only slightly excavated" in couplet 1), I navigated through the following sequence of couplet steps:

5) C continuous to tip of M; M not weak, and not discontinuous in last part. [See 5th image in this series.]

6) R4+5 and M nearly parallel (Fig. 33) or converging (Figs. 27-32) beyond crossvein dm-cu; M ending at most slightly behind wing tip. [Again, see 5th image in this series.]

9) Mid or hind femur with distinct pre-apical bristle on anterior to anterodorsal surface. [See 1st & 5th images in this series.]

18) Scape with one or more distinct setae on the dorsal surface, sometimes only with one or two at tip (Figs. 10, 19). [Perhaps visible in (enlarged) 4th & 2nd image of this series, though bristles there may actually be attached to pedicel. This is a (hopefully non-fatal) weak link in the keying sequence here. I'm hoping it's vindicated by the very good agreement in wing venation with final result below.]

19) First flagellomere without a projection below; arista usually dorsal or subapical. Abdomen not flattened dorsoventrally. [Opposing choice can be eliminated as it goes to genus Hypocharassus on the east coast of US, with a large distinctive and conspicuous "hook-like" projection on 1st flagellomere (see Fig. 19 on pg. 629 of MND(1)). No such hook here...I think it would have been visible in 3rd, 4th, and 6th images.]

20) Acrostichal setae present. [Best seen in 4th (and 5th, barely!) images.]

21) First tarsomere of hindleg without bristles above. [Visible in images 1-5.]

22) Lower margin of face nearly straight or recessed. [An admitted weakly supported choice here, made from comparing my 4th image with Fig. 8 (pg. 629 of MND(1)) for the opposing couplet choice: "Lower margin of face rounded, projecting downward......Tachytrechus".]

23) Upper and lower hairs of arista not longer than lateral hairs. [There seem to be no hairs on the arista, see 3rd and 6th images in series. The opposing option in this couplet "Upper and lower hairs of arista much longer than lateral hairs" and it's supporting Fig. 10 (pg. 629 of MND(1) don't match my specimen, but this is another iffy step in my keying sequence.]

24) R4+5 and M distinctly convergent beyond crossvein dm-cu (Figs. 30,31). [See 5th image in series...this fits very well!]

25) M distinctly bent beyond crossvein dm-cu (Fig.31), or hind femur with a second smaller pre-apical bristle antero-ventrally. [See 5th image in series, for both medial vein shape and 2nd pre-apical bristle (look at right hind leg, or barely visible "nub" on left hind leg).]..........Paraclius

Images of this individual: tag all
Long-Legged Fly - Pelastoneurus - female Long-Legged Fly - Pelastoneurus - female Long-Legged Fly - Pelastoneurus Long-Legged Fly - Pelastoneurus - female Long-Legged Fly - Pelastoneurus Long-Legged Fly - Pelastoneurus

Moved

Pelastoneurus cyaneus?
Pelastoneurus cyaneus Wheeler? Named after the more colorful male.

 
John, I tried your suggestion, but I find these very difficult!
I found Wheeler's original description of Pelastoneurus cyaneus here. Both male and female are described...but I can't see much of a match between my images and the description.

Members of this family are a really hard nut for me to crack! In addition to a good reference, I think I'd need a good specimen and a high quality scope in order to have any hope of making even initial progress with these guys...or a complete collection of image views of the caliber of the series below:



But I think images like that are currently beyond my league :-) Especially since I mainly shoot live directly in the field...as was the case here.

I couldn't see any plumosity on the antennae in my images, so I thought Paraclius was the way to go. I found a 1902 reference by Aldrich having a key to Paraclius from North American and the West Indies (with 11 species) here. Using that key, I got to P. arcuatus. The most salient item there was "Lights on wet mud, generally near water". That actually fits very well for my specimen...and perhaps a few thousand other dolichipods :-)

If you have any well-reasoned ideas on the ID here, I'll bow to your greater experience and wisdom with these beautiful (but for me rather intractable) dipterans. I appreciate your interest and efforts... many thanks!

Moved
Moved from Dolichopodinae.

Moved
Moved from Longlegged Flies.

Moved
Moved from ID Request.

To Dolichopodidae for now
I think these should go to family for now. Unfortunately the bare keys in MND lack reassurance that the user ended up at the right place. (Still a lot better than the situation before they released the scans.)

I found one picture online allegedly of a Mesorhaga and it looks closer to other Sciapodinae than to your fly. And yours is not perched on a leaf waiting for something to eat.

I can not tell which way to go at 18. Were you near the ocean? One genus is listed coastal.

 
Thanks, John...moved to Dolichopodidae
I only found one image of Mesorhaga, on "Flickr". Looked very different...but I can rarely tell how carefully & correctly images are ID'd on that site.

Yes, couplet 18 seemed the most problematic juncture. I wasn't near the ocean per se...but on the mixed saltwater-freshwater bay (east side of San Francisco peninsula). It's just a few miles over a ridge of ~1000' to the Pacific. It would help to have a specimen in hand, but some of us are somewhat "collection-challenged" :-) At any rate, many thanks for actually going through the many steps of my attempted keying process and giving feedback!

I'm so glad the "Manual of Neartic Diptera" is now accessible online. Before, every time I'd find an interesting fly, I'd wish I had access to it! But I was deterred by the time & inconvenience of trying to get to a university library to consult it.

Actually, I'm sure I built it up in my mind to be a bigger "cure all" for diptera questions than it is...or possibly could be :-) In particular, I know what you mean about lack of reassurance...it would be nice if it had descriptions/summaries of genera. But, after all, a complete treatment of nearctic diptera is a monumental undertaking! And it does have an amazing amount of info! I especially appreciate the large number of excellent, labelled illustrations in the text...really helps to decipher and learn subtleties of morphology, descriptive terminology & usage. Bibliographies at end of chapters also helpful (though much has been published since Vol I in 1983). I'm thrilled that I can consult it now at home, with photos (and sometimes even specimens :-) easily available for cross-referencing.

As more and more of the entomological literature and info gets integrated onto the web, it's getting easier and easier to access what were, before, very esoteric and hard to locate resources. That provides opportunities for interested amateurs to make progress towards developing a larger and more accurate awareness of arthropod taxonomy & diversity...even if they don't have access to a major university library or museum.

Of course, BugGuide is an amazing vehicle for that as well. For a subject so huge as entomology, providing resources and tools for a (hopefully increasingly large) cadre of amateurs to become sophisticated observers and collectors of data is definitely a good idea! Too many places, habitats, taxa, and amazing phenomena going on out there for a mere few thousand professionals to effectively take the measure of :-) From the behind the scenes efforts of so many individuals and institutions to make resources available on the web, I think a lot people have "got the idea" :-)

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