Species Parthenolecanium quercifex - Oak Lecanium Scale

"Adult females 4.0-6.0 mm long(1)".

"...known throughout most of the United States(1)".

"Parthenolecanium quercifex is an oak pest that has one generation per year and is native to much of North America. Adults produce eggs in the late spring, usually in May. Gravid females lay a dozen to several thousand eggs in an ovisac. First instars migrate from ovisacs to leaves and feed on phloem throughout summer. In fall they molt and migrate back to tree stems. Second instars overwinter and undergo development into adults in the early spring. Meineke, et al. (2013) found that overwintering second instars were 13 times more abundant on hot trees than on cold trees. P. quercifex was locally acclimated or adapted to urban thermal conditions and that this led directly to higher abundance. Warmer ambient temperatures due to heat accumulation on paved surfaces in urban areas (i.e. heat islands) increased populations of Parthenolecanium quercifex (Fitch) on oak trees in Raleigh, North Carolina(2)".