Tribe Cerioidini

4 genera in our area

The most salient character for Cerioidini is the distinct projection at the top of face (or, equivalently, base of the frons), called the "frontal prominence" or "antennifer" (see images here, from (1)). The frontal prominence is very long in Ceriana and Monoceromyia; but relatively short in Polybiomyia and Sphixomorpha...in the latter it can be simply a large "bump".

All Cerioidini have antennae with a terminal "style" (rather than a dorsal arista) and most also have somewhat elongate and basally constricted (i.e. "petiolate") abdomens: only very mildly so in Ceriana, but more so in most Sphixomorpha; and conspicuously so in most Polybiomyia, and especially in Monoceromyia.

The wings of Cerioidini have cross-vein "r-m" meeting the discal cell "dm" beyond its middle, and (as with all Syrphidae) a "spurious vein" (labelled "sv" in the wing venation diagram below):

In Cerioidini, females have eyes well-separated; males have eyes which touch at the middle of the top of the head.

Below are labelled images indicating various parts of cerioidine flies important for identification and description:

         

Note that photos providing views of the sides of the thorax are helpful for species ID, since the pattern/location of (usually) yellow spots there is diagnostic.

For identification, see (4)(5)

Larvae (and adults) found within (respectively, on) tree bark, near sap-runs. Adults also found visiting flowers, or resting nearby to them.

Larvae live mostly within tree sap associated with tree wounds or "putrifying pockets of water in tree cavities" (Heiss 1938) and have mouthparts built for filter-feeding. They are thought to be saprophytic, gaining their nutriment from bacteria and other organisms or products associated with sap and injured or decaying plant materials. As unusual cases, larvae of some species found in Mexico feed on Agave sap; larvae of at least two Australian species feed in bee hives and are probably saprophagous on debris from the bee colony (see Ricarte et al(2007), Rotheray et al(1998), and Rayment(1952)).

Adults feed at flowers, and some have been observed feeding on sap.

Most often, Cerioidini are mistaken for wasps...for which they are remarkably effective mimics! That mimicry is enhanced by their: 1) unusually long and stout antennae, which...like most wasps...are geniculate (= angled at the middle); 2) relatively long and often basally constricted (or "petiolate") abdomens; 3) color patterning of the body; 4) anterior darkening (infuscation) of the wings; and 5) their behavior (i.e. moving antennae up and down, waving of forelegs, etc.) (Waldbauer 1970)

Among Diptera, Cerioidini are often mistaken for Conopinae. But in contrast to Conopinae, members of Cerioidini have: 1) a distinct (though sometimes short) projection at the top of face (the "frontal prominence"); 2) males with eyes touching in the middle; and 3) distinctly different wing venation...including the "spurious vein" characteristic of Syrphidae (though many conopinae also have something similar to a "spurious vein").

Also, Conopinae are unlikely to be found on tree bark...whereas Cerioidini often are (especially females, who oviposit in cracks in bark).

Adams, C. F. (1904). Notes on and descriptions of North American Diptera. Univ. of Kans. Sci. Bulletin 2: 447 (Full Text - Orig. Desc. of "Sphiximorpha" snowi, now Ceriana)

Coquillett, D. W. (1902). New cyclorhaphous Diptera from Mexico and New Mexico. Canad. Ent. 34: 195-202. (Full Text - Orig. Desc. of "Sphiximorpha" ancoralis, now Ceriana)

Curran, C. H. (1921). Genus Ceria pp. 174-176 in: New species of Syrphidae. Canad. Ent. 53: 15:171-176 (Full Text)

Curran, C. H. (1924). Subfamily Cerioidinae, Genus Cerioides in: Contribution to a monograph of the American Syrphidae from North of Mexico. Univ. of Kansas Sci. Bull. 15:77-216 (Full Text)

Curran, C. H. (1941). Genus Cerioides pp 243-247 in: New American Syrphidae (Diptera). American Museum Novitates, 519 (Full Text)

Heiss, E. M. (1938). A classification of the larvae and puparia of the Syrphidae of Illinois exclusive of aquatic forms. Univ. Ill. Bull. 36: 1-142. (Full text)

Hull, F. M. (1930). Some Notes and Descriptions of Cerioidine Wasp-waisted Flies (Syrphidæ, Diptera). Psyche 37(2):178-181 (Full Text)

Hull, F. M. (1935). Some mimetic flies, with description of two new species from North America (Syrphidae: Diptera). Psyche 42: 99-102. (Full Text)

Ichikawa, T. & O’Hara, K. (2009). Adult behaviors in two species of cerioidine flies, Primocerioides petri (Hervé-Bazin) and Ceriana japonica (Shiraki) (Diptera, Syrphidae). Technical bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 61, pp. 1-10 (Translation from Japanese into English here, sans figures)

Ricarte A., Marcos-García M., Rotheray G., Hancock E. (2007). The early stages and breeding sites of 10 Cerioidini flies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 100: 914-924 (Full text)

Rotheray G.E., Hancock E.G., Maier C.T. (1998) Two Ceriana species (Diptera: Syrphidae) breeding in exuded tree sap. Ent. Mon. Mag. 134: 223-228 (Full text)

Shannon, R.C. (1922). A Reclassification of the Subfamilies and Genera of the North American Syrphidae. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 17: 30-42. (Full Text)

Shannon, R.C. (1925) The syrphid–flies of the subfamily Ceriodinae in the U.S. National Museum Collection. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, No. 13, 48–65. (Full Text)

Thompson F.C. (2012). Fabulous flower flies for famous fly fanatics (Diptera: Syrphidae). Can. Entomol. 144: 1-16 (Full Text)