Identification, Images, & Information
For Insects, Spiders & Their Kin
For the United States & Canada
Clickable Guide
Interactive image map to choose major taxa Moths Butterflies Flies Caterpillars Flies Dragonflies Flies Mantids Cockroaches Bees and Wasps Walkingsticks Earwigs Ants Termites Hoppers and Kin Hoppers and Kin Beetles True Bugs Fleas Grasshoppers and Kin Ticks Spiders Scorpions Centipedes Millipedes

Calendar
Upcoming Events

National Moth Week was July 19-27, and the Summer 2025 gathering in Louisiana, July 19-27

Photos of insects and people from the 2024 BugGuide gathering in Idaho July 24-27

Moth submissions from National Moth Week 2024

Photos of insects and people from the 2022 BugGuide gathering in New Mexico, July 20-24

Photos of insects and people from the Spring 2021 gathering in Louisiana, April 28-May 2

Photos of insects and people from the 2019 gathering in Louisiana, July 25-27


Species Monobia quadridens - Four-toothed Mason Wasp

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Eyewitness Books: Insect
By Laurence Mound
DK Publishing Inc, 2007
This is a remarakable book featuring many color photos and valuble information on wasps and many other insects as well. It is primarily for a younger audience but it is a great read for anyone interested in insects.

Here is a link to a readable/downloadable copy: http://www.academia.edu/3861144/Eyewitness_books_Insect

Identification Atlas of the Vespidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) of the Northeastern Nearctic Region
By Matthias Buck, Stephen A. Marshall, and David K. B. Cheung
Biological Survey of Canada [Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification], 2008
The Atlas covers the northeastern part of the North American continent (south to Virginia, west to the Ontario/Manitoba border, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois and Kentucky). Ninety-two established and six adventitious species are covered by 13 keys from the subfamily to the species level. Keys are accompanied by 437 Figures (mostly high resolution colour photographs) illustrating all important diagnostic characters. Species pages include a set of standard images (636 colour photographs in total) showing lateral and dorsal aspects as well as male and female heads, complemented by images of live specimens where available (many provided by Bugguide contributors!). The variation, distribution and biology of every species is discussed. The work is accompanied by a glossary of scientific terms, and morphological structures are furthermore illustrated in a separate Morphology section. The Atlas is designed both for the amateur and the professional user. With 492 pages, 3 Tables and 1073 Figures (PDF version). An electronic paper published in the Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification No. 5 (19 February 2008). ISSN 1911-2173. Provided in HTML and PDF format. Available online (free access) at http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/ejournal/ejournal.html.

Trap-nesting wasps and bees: life histories, nests, and associates
By Krombein K.V.
Smithsonian Press, Washington, DC. vi+570 pp., 1967

Wasps: Their Biology, Diversity, and Role as Beneficial Insects and Pollinators of Native Plants
By Heather N. Holm
Pollination Press LLC; First edition, 2021

The Sting of the Wild: The Story of the Man Who Got Stung for Science
By Justin O. Schmidt
John Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, MD, 2016
This book is useful in dispelling myths about broad groups (particularly the oft-maligned Mutillidae). The Appendix contains the rankings for 83 species and includes all ranked species. It's also worth noting that this does mean that the majority of species are unranked, so caution should be taken in creating sweeping claims (as often done on rather erroneous Internet memes).

Molecular phylogenetics of Vespoidea indicate paraphyly of the superfamily...
By Pilgrim E.M., von Dohlen C.D., Pitts J.P.
Zoologica Scripta 37: 539–560, 2008
Full title: Molecular phylogenetics of Vespoidea indicate paraphyly of the superfamily and novel relationships of its component families and subfamilies

Abstract

Identifying the sister group to the bees: a molecular phylogeny of Aculeata with an emphasis on the superfamily Apoidea
By Debevec A.H., Cardinal S., Danforth B.N.
Zoologica Scripta 41: 527-535, 2012

The Wasps and Bees of the Bimini Island Group, Bahamas, British West Indies (Hymenoptera: Aculeata)
By Karl V. Krombein
American Museum Novitates, no. 1633: 1-29, 1953

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