Identification, Images, & Information
For Insects, Spiders & Their Kin
For the United States & Canada

Infraorder Enicocephalomorpha - Unique-headed Bugs


Zoogeography of Enicocephalomorpha (Heteroptera)
By Štys P.
Bull. Insectol. 61: 137-138, 2008

The North American and Caribbean species of Systelloderes (Hemiptera: Enicocephalidae)
By Kritsky G.
Ent. News 89: 65-73, 1978
Full text

typos & errors galore... the paper is hard to use but still helpful

First record of the Enicocephalidae (Heteroptera) in Michigan and Ohio
By Swanson D.R.
Great Lakes Entomol. 48: 1-8, 2015

Revision of the New World Enicocephalomorpha (Heteroptera)
By Wygodzinsky, P.W. and K. Schmidt
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History ; no. 200, 1991
Digital version here. (70 MB file)

A synopsis of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera of America north of Mexico
By Torre-Bueno J.R. de la
Entomol. Amer. 19: 141‒304 & 21: 41‒122, 1939
Full text (parts of v.19‒20 & v.21‒22)

True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Neotropics
By Panizzi A.R., Grazia J., eds.
Springer. xxii+901 pp., 2015

True bugs of the world (Hemiptera, Heteroptera): classification and natural history
By Schuh R.T., Weirauch C.
Siri Scientific Press, Manchester. 800 pp., 2020

New state and provincial records for some nearctic true bugs (Hem.:Heteroptera) from the Ill. Nat.Hist. Survey Insect Collection
By Swanson D.R.
Great Lakes Entomol. 54: 104‒142, 2021