Synonyms and other taxonomic changes
Calandra, Calendra
Numbers
65 spp. in our area
(1), ~250 total • selected local faunas: 20 spp. in Canada
(2), 24 in SC
(3), 25 in FL
(4), 18 in CA
(5), 11 in NH
(6),...
Not yet in the guide (distr. shown within our area):
S. cubensis Buchanan · FL [wetland margins; in sedges]
S. dietrichi (Satterthwait) · FL‒MS
habitus photos
S. diversus Chittenden · WA‒CA [=eugenia (Satterthwait)]
S. memnonius Gyllenhal · AZ
S. missouriensis Chittenden · MO
S. neomexicanus Chittenden · AZ‒NM‒CO‒KS‒NE
syntype
S. nevadensis Chittenden · CA‒NV
S. robustior Chittenden · MB‒KS‒IL
S. schwarzii Chittenden · VA‒NC
habitus photos
S. serratipes Chittenden · AB‒CO‒KS
S. soltauii Chittenden · PA‒KS‒CO‒TX
habitus photos
S. terricola Champion · AZ [=reticulatus Chittenden]
Identification
Only a small proportion of
Sphenophorus have three clear-cut, bare, elevated stripes or ridges (
australis, cariosus, costicollis, costipennis, incongruus, latinasus, pertinax, robustus, robustior, and
villosiventris)
(7)Range
so.Canada to Argentina; also in the Old World (much fewer spp. there)
(8)Habitat
Fields, wet areas, with host plants
Food
associated with various monocots, incl. grasses (Poaceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae)
(1)Remarks
some spp. damage turfgrass or corn
(1); in NA, the following spp. have been reported to damage turfgrass:
S. parvulus, S. minimus, S. venatus, S. inaequalis, S. phoeniciensis, S. cicatristriatus, S. coesifrons, S. apicalis (although many other spp. may occur alongside) (
Huang 2008)