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Photo#88342
Abode of acorn weevil grub? - Curculio

Abode of acorn weevil grub? - Curculio
Nashua, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, USA
November 19, 2006
Size: about 9 mm
Here is an acorn that I reemed a hole in with my letter opening stiletto and into which the grub unhesitatingly ventured and busied itself, witness the mine trailings. In taking this shot and a few others like it I noticed the hole was more free of frass (or gnawings or whatever) than when I noticed it this morning. I didn't realize it was vacant.

Afterward I noticed Mr. grub galumphing along in the soil. What was he doing out of his acorn? Again? Well, it's Thanksgiving and maybe he was just pushing himself back from the table like everyone else today. You can actually see the grub in the photo mostly covered with soil (bottom left corner). I hadn't noticed him till I viewed the image on computer.

I have been thinking about a critical point in an acorn curculio's development. Does the grub pupate inside the acorn and gnaw its way out with its tiny weevil mandibles? Or does the grub leave the acorn and pupate in the soil? Certainly the grub is better equipped to widen the bore that mama curculio made to lay her eggs. It is likewise better able to squirm through a hole in the acorn wall. I would think the feasible course would be to leave the protective (and trapping) confines of the acorn shell and pupate in the soil. Maybe that's what this one is getting ready to do.

Next question, do curculio larvae often leave their acorns in nature and scout around, possibly for a better-tasting acorn? Are most acorn curculio larvae buried along with their acorn by squirrels hoarding for the winter? If so, the transition from nut to soil and back would be a little more natural. Maybe these guys need to come out and get a drink of water frequently. I know I would if I was munching on bitter acorns. Akkk!

Images of this individual: tag all
Acorn Weevil? - Curculio Acorn Weevil? - Curculio Abode of acorn weevil grub? - Curculio

I have a new theory
about why curculio larvae might be leaving their acorns. I now have three larvae that have remained still for several days in/on soil at the bottom of a jar containing acorns, shelled and unshelled, and some fallen oak leaves to simulate conditions on the ground. I suspect they are pupating. If so, I will have answered my own question: they *do* leave their acorns to pupate. Now the question is why.

One reason may be that squirrels are hunting for them to eat. Certainly squirrels encounter insects who came to dinner before they did. Do they eat them or spit them out? My guess is they eat them as an excellent concentrated source of fat and protein.

In fact, I noticed a great many acorn meats on the ground that squirrels had freed from their shells and had gnawed on a little, as if testing acorns, but for what? They could have been after the best-tasting acorns, discarding the bitterest ones. But they might also have been looking for fat grubs. Squirrels are hoarders generally. They bury acorns whole, so why chew up a bunch of acorns and leave the meats lying around when winter is surely coming? Possibly because they have to hurry.

I think the squirrels may know there is a small window of opportunity to eat grubs when they are plump and full of fat. Likewise the grubs realize that if they stay in the acorn they will perish as squirrel food. Hence they are anxious to get out and pupate in the soil where the risks are fewer and they can avoid having to gnaw their way out of an acorn shell as adults.

I'll check this weekend to see if the grubs are in fact pupating.

 
bugs and squirrels
You might be interested in this discussion about acorn insects. Interestingly, John who started the topic is assuming squirrels are avoiding acorns with insects in them, but you are assuming it's actually the insects that the squirrels want. Either way, it seems wise for weevil larvae to exit acorns before pupating to avoid squirrels.

I don't know much about squirrels except that they very much like my (usually) insect-free bird seed. Hmmm, a quick google search tells me that squirrels eat just about everything. Acorns are high on the list, but they will eat insects and pizza too.

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